妊娠期细颗粒物的暴露对胎儿影响的研究进展

近年来，已有大量临床研究、流行病学调查资料、动物研究结果等表明妊娠期孕妇细颗粒物（PM2.5）的暴露导致了死胎、流产、胎儿生长受限、低体质量儿、早产等不良妊娠结局，其具体致病机制目前尚不清楚。现有的研究表明，PM2.5导致的死胎、流产、先天畸形可能与其遗传毒性损伤作用有关，胎儿生长受限与PM2.5造成的胎盘功能障碍密切相关，而PM2.5所致的胎膜结构改变是未足月胎膜早破及早产的一个重要原因。以国内外发表的大量流行病学调查资料为基础，对妊娠期母体PM2.5的暴露对胎儿生长发育的影响进行综述。

Impact of Maternal Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter on Pregnancy Outcomes

Recently, it has been showed in clinical, epidemiological and animal studies that maternal exposure to air fine particulate matter during pregnancy can resulted in stillbirth, abortion, fetal growth restriction, low birth weight, preterm birth and other adverse pregnancy outcomes, while the potential mechanisms is uncertain. As studies have proved, PM2.5 may cause DNA injury that leads to stillbirth, abortion and congenital abnormalities, it can also change the function of placenta to restrict fetal growth. Besides, PM2.5 exposure during pregnancy can also induce changes in the construction of placenta that may be a key point to preterm premature rupture of membrane and preterm birth. This review will provide a summary of the adverse pregnancy outcomes of PM2.5 exposure on the developing fetus.