The influence of menthol on thermoregulation and perception during exercise in warm, humid conditions |
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Authors: | D Jason Gillis James R House Michael J Tipton |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Sport and Exercise Science, The University of Portsmouth, Spinnaker Building, Cambridge Road, Portsmouth, Hampshire, PO1 2ER, UK |
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Abstract: | Menthol has recently been added to various cooling products that claim to enhance athletic performance. This study assessed
the effect of two such solutions during exercise in warm, humid conditions. Twelve participants (22 ± 2.9 years;
(V)\dot]\textO2\textpeak \dot{V}{\text{O}}_{{2{\text{peak}}}} 47.4 ± 6.2 mL kg−1 min−1) completed a peak power (POpeak) test and three separate exercise bouts in 30°C and 70% relative humidity after being sprayed with 100 mL of water containing
either 0.05 or 0.2% l-menthol, or a control spray. During each trial, participants underwent 15 min of rest, spraying, 15 min
of rest and 45 min of exercise at 45% of POpeak. The following variables were measured: rectal temperature (T
re), sweat rate (SR), skin blood flow (SBF), heart rate (HR), thermal comfort (TC) and sensation (TS) votes, irritation (IRR)
and rating of perceived exertion (RPE). Mean skin (MST) and body temperatures (
`(T)]\textbody \bar{T}_{\text{body}} ) were calculated. There was no significant difference in MST,
`(T)]\textbody \bar{T}_{\text{body}} SR, SBF, HR, TC or RPE between conditions. Spraying with 0.2% menthol significantly (P < 0.05) elevated T
re by 0.2°C compared to the other conditions. Both menthol sprays caused participants to feel significantly cooler than control
spraying (P = 0.001), but 0.2% spraying induced significantly cooler sensations (P = 0.01) than 0.05% spraying. Both menthol sprays induced greater irritation (P < 0.001) than control spraying. These findings suggest that 0.05% menthol spraying induced cooler upper body sensations without
measurable thermoregulatory impairment. T
re was significantly elevated with 0.2% spraying. Irritation persisted with both menthol sprays while TC remained unchanged,
suggesting a causal relationship. The use in sport of a spray similar to those tested here remains equivocal. |
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