河源市2001-2006年麻疹疫情分析及防制对策探讨

目的了解河源市麻疹流行规律，预测流行趋势，制定防治对策，以降低发病率，保护易感人群。方法对2001—2006年河源市麻疹发病资料进行统计分析。结果河源市麻疹发病有明显的周期性，2—7月份发病例数占全年总数的74．22％，流行模式为散发和暴发并存，以散发为主，但局部麻疹暴发影响全市的发病水平，发病年龄后移，2001年以来麻疹年平均接种率为95％，人群抗体保护率达到了91．2％。结论河源自2001年以来，麻疹免疫预防接种率比较高，麻疹发病率多年控制在较低水平，长时期的高保护率导致易感人群积累，发病率有回升可能。当前麻疹的预防控制策略仍然是以麻疹疫苗接种为主导措施，加强麻疹基础免疫，加强麻疹疫情监测管理和分析，完善流动儿童的计划免疫管理，减少免疫空白，保护易感人群。

Epidemiological Features of Measles in Heyuan City and Its Prevention and Control in 2001-2006

Objective To study the epidemiological characteristics of measles in Heyuan city in order to predict its occurrence, and to reduce the incidence by establishing preventive measures and treatment methods. Methods Epidemiological information in Heyuan city between 2001 and 2006 were analyzed. Results Periodic outbreaks of measles were apparent in Heyuan city. 74.22% of the cases were reported between February and July. Most of the outbreaks were sporadic. There was a tendency of infection in the older children. Since 2001, the average vaccination rate was 95%. The protection rate of the population by antibody was 91.2%. Conclusion There was a high rate of measles vaccination in Heyuan city since 2001. The incidence of measles was kept at a low level. Keeping a high protection rate for a long time may result in an increase in the number of susceptible individuals in the population. Thus a comprehensive intervention and control should be taken. These include the strengthening of vaccination program, improving the effective inoculation rate of measles vaccine, reinforcing the surveillance and analysis of epidemic situation, and taking emergency actions timely in epidemic spots to avoid the outbreaks of the disease.