儿童脑血管疾病的分类与诊断

卒中在儿童中发病率相对较低,但却是导致儿童病死率增高的重要原因.明确病因及诊断有利于早期干预并改善预后.与成人卒中发病主要由于动脉粥样硬化不同,儿童卒中病因常常是多种多样的,而针对某一特定病因来说,又是相对少见的.近十年来,随着诊断技术的提高,进一步确证了针对儿童卒中新的病因,并制定了相应的卒中诊断定义术语系统.当然,在将来的研究中需要更多着手于儿童卒中诊断方面的评估.

Progress of childhood cerebrovascular diseases: diagnosis and classification

Stroke is a rare but an important and increasingly recognized cause of morbidity and mortality in children. Identifying the causes and confirming diagnosis facilitate early intervention and improve outcome. The causes of stroke in childhood are different from those in adulthood,in which atherosclerosis is the major cause. The etiology of stroke in childhood is variant and relatively rare in each category of the causes identified. This paper summarizes a diagnostic strategy for ischemic strokes in children. Progress in diagnostic techniques in the past decade has led to newly identified causes of stroke in childhood and established terminology in diagnosis,most of which represent some form of vascular pathology. But it is clear that these advances must be integrated into a modern nomenclature system with revised definitions of stroke, and also invite more research on the diagnostic evaluation of childhood stroke in the future study.