开封市市区0～14岁儿童哮喘流行病学调查

目的　调查分析开封市区儿童哮喘患病率、危险因素及治疗状况与卫生经济学的关系。方法　用随机整群抽样方法 ,对开封市市区 110 0 0名 0～ 14岁儿童进行哮喘流行病学调查。采用回顾性询问填表法初筛出可疑对象 ,并按全国统一诊断标准逐个体格检查 ,明确诊断 ,填写统一调查表 ,并进行统计学处理。结果　①患病率为 1.16 % (现患率为 0 .91% ) ,男女比为 1.72∶1;各年龄组患病率差异有非常显著性 (P <0 .0 0 1) ,以 3～ 5岁组患病率最高。工业区儿童患病率明显高于居民区 ,比值比 (OR)为 2 .13∶1(P <0 .0 0 1)。②相关因素分析 :以过敏性疾病史、上呼吸道感染史、家族史为主要因素 ;与民族类别和狗、猫接触史差异无显著性 (0 .0 5

Epidemiological study on childhood asthma aged 0 to 14, in Kaifeng city

OBJECTIVE: To understand childhood asthma from age 0 to 14 in Kaifeng city and the relevant risk factors, effects of therapy and costs. METHODS: Eleven thousand children aged 0 to 14 were chosen in Gulou area, Shunhe area using cluster sampling. RESULTS: (1) The overall prevalence of childhood asthma was 1.16% sex ratio 1.72:1. Significant difference was found among every age group (P < 0.001), with the highest from 0 to 3, the prevalence rate in industrial area was significantly higher than that of residential area, with a ratio of 2.13:1 (P < 0.001). (2) Major relevant factors were found to be: history of hypersensitivity, upper respiratory infection and family history; while nationalities, history of contact with pets were not found to be related to childhood asthma (P > 0.05). (3) The expenditure was significantly different between non-specific therapy and specified therapy (P < 0.001). Among those children with asthma, 89.8% did not get specified treatment and the average expenditure was 2,375.2 Yuan per year, which was 10.2% of accepted specified therapy, namely under GINA program, with average expenditure 653.68 Yuan every year. CONCLUSION: The result of this study provided scientific basis for child asthma prevention and cure in this area.