上海市城区大气颗粒物污染对居民健康危害的经济学评价

大气颗粒物污染正成为影响我国城市居民健康的重要危险因素为了定量评价上海市城区大气颗粒物污染对居民的健康效应及其经济损失，采用流行病研究为基础的暴露—反应关系估算了2001年归因于大气颗粒物污染的居民死亡及发病数；在此基础上，结合单位健康效应的经济价值，计算相应的经济损失。结果表明，2001年上海市城区大气颗粒物污染健康危害造成的经济损失为51．5亿元，占上海全市当年GDP的1．03％。研究提示，上海市城区目前的大气颗粒物污染水平造成的居民健康危害及其经济损失是相当可观的。

Economic assessment of health impact due to particulate air pollution in urban dreas of Shanghai

Particulate air pollution is becoming a serious public health concern for urban residents in China.To obtain the quantitative result of the impact of particulate air pollution on human health and the subsequent economic costs,we used epidemiology-based exposure-response functions to calculate the attributable number of cases due to particulate air pollution in urban areas of Shanghai in 2001,and then we estimated the corresponding ecomomic costs of the health damage based on unit values of the health outcomes.It was estimated the total economic cost of health impacts due to particulate air pollution in urban areas of Shanghai in 2001 was about 625.40 millions US dollars,accounting for 1.03%of gross domestic product(GDP) of the city.The results suggest that the impact of particulate air pollution on human health could be substantial in urban Shanghai,whether in physical and economic terms.