中小学教师职业紧张和紧张反应评价研究

目的　评价中小学教师职业紧张和紧张反应强度。方法　采用职业紧张量表 (OSI- R)对 1460例中小学教师和 319例非教师进行了测试。结果　我国中小学教师职业紧张表现在工作任务过重和不良的工作环境 ;教师职业紧张强度和紧张反应随年龄增长而增高 ,高低年龄段相比具有非常显著的差异 (P<0 .0 1) ;男教师职业紧张强度和紧张反应显著高于女教师 (P<0 .0 1) ;中学教师 ,尤其是男教师职业紧张程度又显著高于小学教师(P<0 .0 5 )。结论　改善中小学教师工作条件 ,减轻工作压力 ,保护和促进他们的健康 ,对提高教育质量具有重要的现实意义。

Appraisal of Occupational Stress and Strain in Primary and Secondary School Teachers

Objective This study was conducted to assess occupational stress and strain in primary and secondary school teachers. Methods A test of occupational stress and strain was carried out by using Occupational Stress Inventory Revised Edition (OSI R) in 1460 primary and secondary school teachers(teacher group) and 319 mental workers in non educational area(non teacher group as control). Results The results showed the level of occupational stress in role overload and physical environment in the teacher group was significantly higher than that in the non teacher group( P <0.05). In teacher group the level of occupational stress and strain increased with age; the occupational stress and strain in male teachers were significantly higher than those in female teachers ( P <0.01); the occupational stress and strain in secondary school teachers were significantly higher than those in primary school teachers. Conclusion These results indicate: to protect and promote primary and secondary school teacher's health, particularly male teachers' health, to mitigate their work pressure and to raise the quality of education are important tasks in the area of occupational health.