低年资护士职业倦怠与角色认知的关系

目的了解低年资护士职业倦怠与角色认知之间的关系，为护理管理者落实护士分层管理、提高其职业成就感提供理论依据。方法采用Maslach职业倦怠量表（简称MBI）与角色认知量表，对在某市3家综合医院工作的400名低年资护士进行问卷调查。结果本调查共发放问卷400份，回收390份，回收有效率为97．5％。低年资护士在工作倦怠的3个维度得分（19．61±7．80）分，（7．48±4．09）分，（19。56±6．18）分]均低于常模的（23．02±10．29）分，（6．81±5．57）分，（28．55±9．34）分]，两组比较，差异有统计学意义（t分别为-4．117，1．552，-13．707；P〈0．05）。低年资护士职业倦怠量表中情感耗竭得分（19．61±7．8）分为中度耗竭，去人格化得分（7．48±4．09）分为中度耗竭，低个人成就感得分（19．56±6．18）分为高度耗竭；角色认知为中等偏下水平。Pearson积差相关性分析结果表明，情感衰竭与角色冲突呈负相关（r=-0．297，P〈0．01），去人格化与角色模糊及角色冲突分别呈正相关和负相关（r分别为0．218，0．299；P〈0．01）；低个人成就感与角色模糊呈负相关（r=-0．302，P〈0．01）。以低年资护士职业倦怠各分量表为因变量，以角色模糊中两个分量表得分为自变量进行逐步回归分析，结果表明，角色冲突对情感衰竭及去人格化有预测作用或影响；角色模糊对去人格化及低个人成就感有预测作用或影响。结论了解低年资护士角色认知水平、职业倦怠程度，以及两者之间的关系，有助于护理管理者有针对性的采取措施，减轻低年资护士职业倦怠程度，提高护理队伍的整体素质。

Relationship study between occupation burnout and role cognition in low seniority nurses

Objective To study the relationships between occupation burnout and role cognition of low seniority nurses so as to provide scientific theoretical basis for nurse managers to implement hierarchical management and improve nurses＇ career accomplishment. Methods Totals of 390 low seniority nurses from three general hospitals of one city were recruited and investigated with Maslach occupation burnout inventory （MBI） and role cognition scale. Results Three dimensions score of occupation burnout of the low seniority nurses （ 19.61 ± 7.80）, （7.48 ± 4.09）, （ 19.56 ± 6.18 ） ] were lower than that of the norm （ 23.02 ±10.29）, （6.81± 5.57 ）, （28.55 ± 9.34） ], and the difference was statistically significant （ t = - 4.117,1. 552, - 13. 707, respectively; P 〈 0.05 ）. In occupation burnout of low seniority nurses, emotional （ 19.61 ± 7.8 ） and depersonalization （7.48 ± 4.09） were moderate exhaustion, and low personal accomplishment was high exhaustion （ 19.56 ± 6.18）, they had a moderate level of role cognition. Pearson product - moment correlation analysis showed that emotional exhaustion and depersonalization were negatively correlated with role conflict （r= -0.297,P 〈 0.01 ）, role ambiguity was p~sitively correlated with low personal accomplishment and negatively correlated with depersonalization （ r = - 0. 302, P 〈 0. 01 ）. Stepwise regression analysis results showed that role conflict had predictive and impact effect on emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, and role ambiguity had predictive and impact effect on depersonalization and low personal accomplishment. Conclusions Understanding the level of role cognitive, occupation burnout degree, and its relationship of low seniority nurses can help nurse managers take targeted interventions to reduce low seniority nurse＇ s occupation burnout degree and improve the overall performance of nursing staff.