Bone marrow microenvironment and the progression of multiple myeloma. |
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Authors: | F Caligaris-Cappio M G Gregoretti F Merico D Gottardi P Ghia G Parvis L Bergui |
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Affiliation: | Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Oncologia Umana, Università di Torino, Italy. |
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Abstract: | The BM microenvironment in MM, in terms of adhesive features, is well organized to entrap circulating precursors with BM-seeking properties and is able to produce cytokines that offer them the optimal conditions for local growth and final differentiation. Likewise, the malignant B cell clone is equipped with adhesion molecules which enable the cell to establish close contacts with BM stromal cells. Furthermore a number of cytokines are released including IL-1 beta and M-CSF activating BM stromal cells to produce other cytokines, such as IL-6, that stimulate the proliferation of plasma cells. Finally, most cytokines produced locally, including IL-1 beta, TNF-beta, M-CSF, IL-3 and IL-6, also have OAF properties, explaining why the expansion of the B cell clone parallels the activation and numerical increase of the osteoclast population. |
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