肺癌分子分型与靶向治疗研究进展

随着肺癌发生、发展和预后相关分子机制研究的不断深入,肺癌靶向治疗取得了较大的进展,每一种分子分型的发现都会带来相应靶向药物的研究。2004年表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR)基因在非小细胞肺癌中的发现,为我们带来了EGFR突变高度敏感有效的酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(tyrosine kinase inhibitor,TKI)。2007年棘皮类微管相关样蛋白-4-间变型淋巴瘤激酶(EML4-ALK)融合基因的出现为肺癌的分子发展带来了新的有效靶点。目前多个肺癌分子靶点及其靶向药物正在研究中。本文旨在回顾并总结肺癌分子分型及其靶向治疗的研究进展。

Advances of Molecular Subtype and Targeted Therapy of Lung Cancer

The discovery of multiple molecular mechanisms underlying the development, progression, and prognosis of lung cancer, has created new opportunities for targeted therapy. Each subtype is associated with molecular tests that define the subtype and drugs that may have potential therapeutic effect on lung cancer. In 2004, mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (epidermal growth factor receptor, EGFR) gene were discovered in non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC), especially in adenocarcinomas. And they are strongly associated with sensitivity to EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs). Moreover, in 2007 the existence of the echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4-anaplastic lymphoma kinase (EML4-ALK) fusion gene was discovered in NSCLC, and the same as EGFR-TKIs, ALK inhibitors are being found to be highly effective in lung cancers. At present, multiple molecular subtype of lung cancer and relevant targeted drugs are undering study. Here, we review the remarkable progress in molecular subtype of lung cancer and the related targeted therapy.