中山地区6822例儿童急性呼吸道感染7种常见呼吸道病毒检出情况分析

目的分析急性呼吸道感染患儿7种常见病毒的病原学构成、季节分布和临床特征等,为中山地区急性呼吸道感染患儿的临床诊治及防控提供依据。方法选择2017年3月至2018年2月在南方医科大学附属中山博爱医院住院治疗的6 822例14岁以下急性呼吸道感染的患儿为研究对象,采集鼻咽深部分泌物标本,运用直接免疫荧光法对标本中7种呼吸道病毒进行检测,从病毒分布情况、季节因素,以及患儿年龄、性别、临床诊断等方面进行临床流行病学特点分析。结果 6 822例患儿中有1 664例呼吸道病毒检出阳性,检测阳性率为24.39%;7种病毒中呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)检测阳性例数最多,共1 034例,构成比为62.14%;其次为A型流感病毒(Flu A),共222例,构成比为13.34%。从季节分布情况来看,春、夏、秋、冬四季的病毒阳性率分别为21.33%、32.24%、23.07%、21.94%,以春、夏季多发。从年龄段分析,1岁以下的婴幼儿组阳性895例,阳性率为30.17%,在各年龄组中最高,其次是1~3岁的患儿,阳性率随年龄增长逐渐下降。总病毒阳性率与性别无关。不同疾病的病毒检出率不同,在肺炎、支气管肺炎患儿中,病毒阳性率最高,为31.52%,各组疾病检出的最主要病毒均为RSV。结论中山地区儿童呼吸道病毒感染的主要病毒病原体为RSV,病毒感染高发期在春、夏季;其中1岁以下患儿呼吸道病毒感染率最高;肺炎、支气管肺炎中病毒阳性率最高。

Analysis on detection situation of 7 common respiratory viruses in 6 822 children patients with acute respiratory tract infection in Zhongshan area

Objective To analyze the etiological composition,seasonal distribution and clinical characteristics of 7 common viruses in children patients with acute respiratory tract infection(ARTI)to provide an evidence for the clinical diagnosis,treatment and prevention of ARTI in Zhongshan area.Methods A total of6 822 hospitalized children with ARTI aged lower than 14 years old from March 2017 to February 2018 in the Zhongshan Bo′ai Hospital affiliated to the Southern Medical University were included.The secretion samples from the deep nasopharyngeal site were collected.The 7 kinds of respiratory virus were detected by using the direct immunofluorescence assay.The clinical epidemiology characteristics of 7 kinds of respiratory virus were analyzed from the aspects of the virus distribution,seasonal factors,age,sex,clinical diagnosis,etc.Results Among 6 822 children cases,1 664 cases were positive in the detection of respiratory tract virus,with apositive detection rate of 24.39%.Among the 7 viruses,the number of respiratory syncytial virus(RSV)-positive cases was the highest(1 034 cases),accounting for 62.14%,followed by influenza virus(Flu)A in222 cases,with a constituent ratio of 13.34%.In the seasonal distribution,the viral positive rates in spring,summer,autumn and winter were 21.33%,32.24%,23.07% and 21.94% respectively,the majority of onset was in spring and summer.In the analysis of age groups,895 cases were positive in the infant group under 1 year old,with a positive rate of 30.17%,which was the highest among all age groups,followed by children aged 1-3 years old,the positive rate was decreased gradually with the growth of age.The total viral positive rate had no relation with the gender.The viral detection rate of different diseases was varied.The viral positive rate in the children patients with pneumonia and bronchopneumonia was the highest(31.52%),and the primary virus detected in each group was RSV.Conclusion RSV is the major pathogen among children with ARTI in Zhongshan area.The high-incidence seasons of respiratory are in spring and summer,in which the respiratory virus infection rate in children under 1 year old is the highest.The viral positive rate is the highest in pneumonia and bronchopneumonia.