尿酸在非酒精性脂肪性肝病形成的作用

非酒精性脂肪性肝病（nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, NAFLD）作为世界上最常见的慢性肝病之一，一直是研究的热点。NAFLD与肥胖及相关代谢紊乱密切相关。高尿酸血症或高血清尿酸水平是发生在肥胖者身上常见的代谢异常。流行病学研究证实了血清尿酸水平与非酒精性脂肪肝显著相关，而黄嘌呤氧化酶（xanthine oxidase, XO）是控制尿酸合成的关键酶。本文着重对尿酸及控制其合成的限速酶XO在NAFLD形成中的作用进行综述；阐述了尿酸与代谢综合症（metabolic syndrome, MS）相关疾病之间的关系，如胰岛素抵抗、糖尿病和高血脂；最后介绍了XO抑制剂在各种疾病治疗中的应用。

The role of uric acid in the formation of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

As one of the most common chronic liver diseases in the world, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has always been a research hotspot. NAFLD is closely related to obesity and related metabolic disorders. Hyperuricemia or high serum uric acid levels are common metabolic abnormalities that occur in obese people. Epidemiological studies have confirmed that serum uric acid levels are significantly related to non-alcoholic fatty liver, while xanthine oxidase (XO) is a key enzyme that controls uric acid synthesis. This article focused on reviewing the role of uric acid and the rate-limiting enzyme XO in the formation of NAFLD. We also expounded the relationship between uric acid and metabolic syndrome (MS) related diseases, such as insulin resistance, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia. Finally, the application of XO inhibitors in the treatment of various diseases is introduced.