输血前四项传染病指标检测分析研究

目的检测住院病人血清中输血前四项即乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原(HBsAg)、丙型肝炎病毒抗体(抗-HCV)、人类免疫缺陷病毒抗体(抗-HIV)和梅毒抗体(抗-TP)，获得病人输血前感染指标的感染情况。方法利用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测2012~2014年共71 043例受血者血清中HBsAg，抗-HCV，抗-HIV和抗-TP抗体，其中男性29 626例，女性41 417例。结果2012～2014年受检者四项传染病指标总阳性率为7.5%(5 309/71 043)，男性感染率明显高于女性(χ2=64.701，P=0.000)；HBsAg总阳性率为4.51%(3 207/71 043)，男性血清中HBsAg阳性率高于女性(χ2=23.512，P=0.000)；抗-HCV总阳性率为1.56%(1 106/71 043)，阳性率呈逐年下降(χ2=15.517，P=0.000)，男性血清中HCV抗体阳性率明显高于女性(χ2=56.554，P=0.000)，并且阳性率呈逐年下降(χ2=14.153，P=0.001)；抗-TP总阳性率为1.25%(888/71 043)，各年度TP抗体阳性率之间存在明显差异(χ2=11.587，P=0.003)，女性血清中抗-TP有明显差异(χ2=8.978，P=0.011)；抗-HIV总阳性率为0.15%(108/71 043)，男性血清阳性率明显高于女性(χ2=104.6，P=0.000)。结论检测输血前四项感染性指标不但可以获得各个感染性疾病的流行病学资料，而且可以有效预防和避免不必要的输血医疗纠纷，同时在治疗过程中保障医务工作者自身的安全。

Analysis on Four Infectious Indicators before Blood Transfusion

ObjectivesThe purpose of the invstigation was to detect the four infectious indicators (HBsAg，anti-HCV，anti-TP and anti-HIV) in serum of blood recipients before blood transfusion，and to obtain the data for infectious status of blood recipients．MethodsHBsAg，anti-HCV anti-HIV and anti-TP in 7 1043 blood recipients in the hospital during 2012～2014 before blood transfusion were detected with ELISA．There were 29 626 males and 41 417 females in blood recipients．ResultsThe overall positive rate of four infectious indicators was 7.5% (5 309/71 043) in blood recipients during 2012~2014 and that in males was significantly higher than that in females (χ2=64.701，P=0.000)．The positive rate of HBsAg was 4.51% (3 207/71 043) and that in males was significantly higher than that in females (χ2=23.512，P=0.000)．The positive rate of anti-HCV was 1.56% (1 106/71 043) and the infectious rate of HCV statistically decreased year by year (χ2=15.517，P=0.000)．The infectious rate in males was significantly higher than that in females (χ2=56.554，P=0.000) and decreased year by year (χ2=14.153，P=0.001)．The positive rate of anti-TP was 1.25% (888/71 043) and statistically increased year by year (χ2=11.587，P=0.003)，so did that in females (χ2=8.978，P=0.011)．The positive rate of anti-HIV was 0.15% (108/71 043) and that in males was statistically higher than that in females (χ2=104.6，P=0.000)．ConclusionIt is very necessary for blood recipients to detect the four infectious indicators before blood transfusion in order to obtain the data for epidemiology and to avoid unnecessary medical dispute，meanwhile the examination of infectious indicators assured the safety of medical workers．