休斯敦市享受公费医疗的HIV感染者肺炎疫苗、流感疫苗接种情况

目的 研究休斯敦市近年享受公费医疗的艾滋病病毒（HIV）感染者接种肺炎疫苗和流感疫苗的水平,分析影响疫苗接种的因素,为中国提供参考。方法 使用休斯敦市公共卫生服务局“成人和青少年HIV／AIDS长期监测项目”的有关数据,采用多重回归分析方法,分析肺炎疫苗和流感疫苗接种是否与患者的年龄、性别、种族、感染途径、CD4细胞数量和看病次数相关。结果 2000和2001年,在休斯敦公立医院首次就诊的562名HIV感染者的肺炎疫苗和流感疫苗接种率分别为37．2％和28．5％。两种疫苗接种情况与患者年龄、性别、种族、感染途径、CD4细胞数量无关;但与病人看病次数相关。结论 HIV感染者接种肺炎疫苗和流感疫苗的水平偏低,可能是由医生、病人以及医疗服务体系多方面因素造成。

Coverage of Pneumococcal and influenza vaccination in HIV-infected persons receiving public health services in Houston area

Objective To study the coverage of pneumococcal and influenza vaccinations among HIV-infected subjects receiving public health services and analyze related factors affecting this coverage.Methods Using a secondry data from a longitudinal HIV/AIDS surveillance project"The Adult and Adolescent Spectrum of HIV/AIDS Disease"conducted by Houston Department of Human Service and Health,the study applied a multiple logistic model to test whether the coverage of pneumococcal and influenza vaccinations was significantly associated with HIV-infected subjects' demographic features,CD_4 T-lymphocyte counts and number of outpatient visits.Results The coverage of pnumococcal and influenza vaccinations among 562 HIV infected subjects who visited public health facilities in Houston for the first time was 37.2% and 28.5% respectively.The association of pneumococcal and influenza vaccinations with number of outpatients' visits was identified in this study,but the association was not seen in terms of other factors such as age,ethnic, routes of infection and CD_4 counts.Conclusion The coverage of pneumococcal and influenza vaccinations among HIV-infected subjects receiving public health services are quite low,which may be due to a number of factors including those related to health care providers,patients themselves and the health care system.