经口、咽入路处理颅颈交界区病变的应用解剖

目的为延髓及颈脊髓上段中线腹侧病变切除提供解剖学资料。方法1.成人完整颅骨200个，测枕骨基底部的长、宽和厚；2.在10具成人头部标本，保留颅后窝硬脑膜，各脑神经根和血管，观察其位置及毗邻；3.20具成人头部正中矢状断面标本，观察经鼻咽部进入颅腔和椎管的层次结构；4.5具头标本经口、鼻咽部逐层解剖至脑干下段及颈脊髓上段，观察两侧椎动脉，基底动脉、静脉和各脑神经根。结果1.枕骨基底部平均长(27.9±2.4)mm，平均宽(20.3±2.6)mm，平均厚(10.0±0.5)mm；2.经解剖后详述了此入路的各层结构。结论经口、咽入路适合颅颈交界区中线和骨窗范围的病变切除。

Applied anatomy of themouth and pharynx approaches to the region between cranium and neck

Objective： To provide anatomical data for surgical treatment of the disease on the medulla oblongata and the upper part of cervical spinal cord.Methods： 1.The lengths, widths and thickness of basilar part of occipital bone were measured on 200 adult skulls which were preserved in good condition. 2.The location and relation of the root of cranial nerves and vessels on posterior cranial fossa were observed on 10 section specimens of cranial cavites.3.The layers and structures from mouth to the cranial cavity and spinal canal were observed on 20 sagittal sectional head specimens.4.The vertebral vessel, basal vessel and the root of cranial nerve were observed on the layers from nasopharyngeal cavity to the lower segment of brain stem in 5 head specimens.Results： 1.The average lenth of the basilar part of occipital bone is 27.9±2.4mm, the average width is 20.3±2.6mm, and the average thickness is 10.0±0.5mm. 2.The layers and structures on this area was described in detail.Conclusion： The mouth and pharynx approach is suitable for the operation in the region between the cranium and neck.