Rapid screening assay for KRAS mutations by the modified smart amplification process |
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Authors: | Tatsumi Kenji Mitani Yasumasa Watanabe Jun Takakura Hideki Hoshi Kanako Kawai Yuki Kikuchi Takeshi Kogo Yasushi Oguchi-Katayama Atsuko Tomaru Yasuhiro Kanamori Hajime Baba Masaru Ishidao Takefumi Usui Kengo Itoh Masayoshi Cizdziel Paul E Lezhava Alexander Ueda Michio Ichikawa Yasushi Endo Itaru Togo Shinji Shimada Hiroshi Hayashizaki Yoshihide |
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Institution: | Genome Exploration Research Group (Genome Network Project Core Group), RIKEN Genomic Sciences Center, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. landy-tk@bd5.so-net.ne.jp |
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Abstract: | Previously, the smart amplification process version 2 (SMAP-2) was developed to detect mutations from tissue and in crude cell lysates and has been used for rapid diagnosis of specific somatic mutations with single-nucleotide precision. The purpose of this study was to develop a rapid and practical method to detect cancer and metastasis in specimens using the SMAP-2 assay. We developed modified SMAP-2 assays that enabled detection of any change in a single codon using a single assay. Rapid SMAP-2 screening assays are suitable for routine clinical identification of critical amino acid substitutions such as codon 12 mutations in KRAS. Primers bracketing the first two nucleotides of KRAS codon 12 were designed so that all possible alleles would be amplified by the SMAP-2 assay. In combination with the peptide nucleic acid (PNA) with exact homology to the wild-type allele, our assay amplified all mutant alleles except for the wild-type sequence. With this new assay design (termed PNA-clamp SMAP-2), we could detect KRAS mutations within 60 minutes, including sample preparation. We compared results from PNA-clamp SMAP-2 assay, polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism, and direct sequencing of clinical samples from pancreatic cancer patients and demonstrated perfect concordance. The PNA-clamp SMAP-2 method is a rapid, simple, and highly sensitive detection assay for cancer mutations. |
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