Use of advanced techniques for the extraction of phenolic compounds from Tunisian olive leaves: Phenolic composition and cytotoxicity against human breast cancer cells |
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Authors: | Amani Taamalli David Arráez-Román Enrique Barrajón-Catalán Verónica Ruiz-Torres Almudena Pérez-Sánchez Miguel Herrero Elena Ibañez Vicente Micol Mokhtar Zarrouk Antonio Segura-Carretero Alberto Fernández-Gutiérrez |
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Institution: | 1. Laboratoire Caractérisation et Qualité de l’Huile d’Olive, Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj Cedria, BP 901, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia;2. Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain;3. Research and Development of Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), Health Science Technological Park, Avda. DelConocimiento s/n, 18100 Granada, Spain;4. Department of Bioactivity and Food Analysis, Institute of Food Science Research-CIAL (CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 9, Campus Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain;5. Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University Miguel Hernández, Avda. Universidad s/n, 03202 Elche, Spain |
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Abstract: | A comparison among different advanced extraction techniques such as microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), together with traditional solid–liquid extraction, was performed to test their efficiency towards the extraction of phenolic compounds from leaves of six Tunisian olive varieties. Extractions were carried out at the best selected conditions for each technique; the obtained extracts were chemically characterized using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to electrospray time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-TOF-MS) and electrospray ion trap tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-IT-MS2). As expected, higher extraction yields were obtained for PLE while phenolic profiles were mainly influenced by the solvent used as optimum in the different extraction methods. A larger number of phenolic compounds, mostly of a polar character, were found in the extracts obtained by using MAE. Best extraction yields do not correlate with highest cytotoxic activity against breast cancer cells, indicating that cytotoxicity is highly dependent on the presence of certain compounds in the extracts, although not exclusively on a single compound. Therefore, a multifactorial behavior is proposed for the anticancer activity of olive leaf compounds. |
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Keywords: | Phenolic compounds Supercritical fluid extraction Pressurized liquid extraction Microwave-assisted extraction Breast cancer cells HPLC-ESI-TOF-MS/IT-MS2 |
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