高原边防部队膳食营养调查分析

目的 了解高原边防部队膳食营养现状,为高原部队食物及营养素推荐摄入量标准的制定提供依据.方法 采用GJB 1636A-2016中称重法和体格检查法对驻海拔4600 m(A部)和4030 m(B部)单位的膳食营养情况进行调查.按GJB826B-2010和GJB823B-2016进行膳食质量评价;高效液相色谱法检测血浆维生素A含量,ELISA法检测血浆25-OH VD含量;上臂肌围采用GJB1636A-2016评价,体脂率采用体成分仪所附标准评价.结果 A部禽蛋、牛奶和植物油摄入达标,其余食物未达标;B部粮食和植物油摄入达标,其余食物摄入未达标.A部蛋白质、钙、磷、钠、铁、硒、碘、铜、锰、维生素E、B3摄入充足,能量、钾、锌、镁、维生素D、C、B1和B2摄入不足,维生素A、B6、B9和B12严重缺乏;B部能量、蛋白质、磷、钾、钠、锌、铁、硒、镁、铜、锰、维生素E、C、B1和B3摄入充足,维生素B2摄入不足,钙、碘、维生素A、D、B6、B9和B12严重缺乏.A部蛋白质和脂肪产热达标,碳水化合物产热过低;B部蛋白质产热达标,脂肪产热超标,碳水化合物产热过低.两单位人员血浆维生素A含量充足;血浆25-OH 维生素D含量不足及缺乏.A部和B部上臂肌围正常人数比分别为93.5%和97.7%,体脂率偏瘦人数比分别为80.6%和70.5%.结论 高原边防部队的食物和营养素摄入不均衡,机体维生素D缺乏,但蛋白质营养状况较好,体脂较低,还需调整膳食结构和进行营养宣教来改善高原部队膳食营养现状.

Dietary nutrition status of soldiers living at high altitude

Objective To investigate the dietary nutrition status of plateau frontier forces and to make recommendations on food and nutrients intake for plateau forces.Methods The dietary status of the plateau forces located at an altitude of 4600 m and 4030 m was investigated by weighing method.The dietary ration for soldiers, their daily dietary allowance and dietary balance index were used to evaluate their dietary patterns and nutrient intake.The concentrations of serum vitamin A and 25-OH vitamin D(25-OH VD) were detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).The arm muscle circumference and body fat rate of soldiers were evaluated by GJB 1636A-2016 and body composition related standard respectively.Results The intake of eggs, milk and plant oil of Unit A was sufficient, while the rest of the food intake did not reach the military standard;The intake of grain and plant oil of Unit B was sufficient,but the rest of the food intake was insufficient.The intake of protein,calcium,phosphonium,sodium,iron,selenium,iodine,copper,manganese,vitamin E and vitamin B3 of Unit A were adequate, but that of energy,potassium,zinc,magnesium,vitamin D,vitamin C,vitamin B1 and vitamin B2 was insufficient, and the intake of vitamin A,vitamin B6,vitamin B9 and vitamin B12 of Unit A was deficient.The intake of energy, protein,vitamin E,vitamin C,vitamin B1 and vitamin B3,and most of the minerals was adequate in Unit B, but vitamin B2 was insufficient.Furthermore, the intake of calcium,iodine,vitamin A,vitamin D and vitamin B was deficient.The proportion of nutrients which supply energy and the energy distribution of three meals in the two units were imperfect.The concentration of plasma vitamin A in both units was sufficient,but the concentration of plasma 25-OH VD was deficient.93.5% soldiers of unit A and 97.7% soldiers of unit B reached the standard of proper muscle circumference,80.6% soldiers of unit A and 70.5% soldiers of unit B had a low body fat rate.Conclusion The dietary structure of plateau border forces is not balanced.The intake of some foods and nutrients is insufficient so that nutritional education is badly needed to improve the dietary status of plateau forces.