军事群体心理应激机制研究

目的 探讨军事应激条件下影响军人群体心理应激的因素及其相互关系和作用途径.方法 从空降兵第一次跳伞的新兵中整群抽取29个排,800人作为研究对象,采用自编空降兵心理影响因素调查问卷、军事群体心理应激预警检测工具(ATQMGS)、症状自评量表(SCL-90)分别调查军事群体应激源,评定军事群体心理应激症状,考察军事群体心理应激中介因素及其相互关系和作用路径.结果 29个排在年龄、军龄、职别、独生子女、家庭类型、户籍情况方面的差异无统计学意义,在SCL-90的总均分和ATQMGS总均分差异显著(P<0.01);空降兵跳伞新兵群体的最大应激源来自"跳伞及与跳伞相关的问题";空降兵新兵士气、领导支持、战友支持、应对方式、自我效能、控制感得分与症状自评量表总均分呈显著性负相关(相关系数范围-0.322～-0.547);领导支持通过作用士气进而间接影响心理应激,路径系数分别为0.407、-0.455;战友支持通过作用士气进而间接影响心理应激,路径系数为0.152、-0.455;应对方式通过作用士气进而间接影响心理应激,路径系数均为0.229、-0.455;控制感通过作用自我效能进而影响士气最后间接影响心理应激,路径系数为0.534、0.177、-0.455.结论 军事群体最大应激源来自危及生命安全的军事任务;军事群体心理应激受部队士气、领导支持、战友支持、应对方式、自我效能、控制感的影响;部队士气是直接影响军事群体心理应激反应的重要中介因素;领导支持、战友支持、应对方式、自我效能均通过部队士气间接影响心理应激,控制感通过自我效能作用部队士气进而影响心理应激.

Study on mental stress mechanism of military group

Objective To explore the influential factors of military group stress in military stress condition and its interaction ways. Methods 800 servicemen taking part in parachute jump training for the first time were extracted from over 29 companies. Questionnaires of Parachute Soldier Psychology State Impact Factor and SCL-90 and the Alerting Test Questionnaire for Military Group Stress to assess Military Group Stress symptom were used to review psychological stress reaction and its interaction ways. Results There were no difference of age, service stripe, duty, singleton, family style, registered permanent residence among 29 companies. The total mean scores of SCL-90 and Alerting Test Questionnaire for military group stress were significantly different among the 29 compa- nies (P<0.01). The most important stressor for parachute group for the first time were parachute jumping and its related problems. Scores of fighting morale, collective cohesion, replying way, ego efficiency, and controlling feel of Parachute soldiers were significantly negatively correlated with total mean scores of SCL-90 (-0.322 - -0.547). Lead abet indirectly influenced mental stress by influencing soldiers fighting morale and the path coef-ficient were 0.407and-0.455. Comrade in arms abet indirectly influenced mental stress by influencing soldiers fighting morale and the path coefficient were 0.152 and-0.455. Replying way indirectly influenced mental stress by influencing soldiers fighting morale and the path coefficient were 0.229 and - 0.455. Controlling feel indirectly influenced mental stress by ego efficiency and fighting morale and the path coefficient were 0.534, 0.177and -0.455. Conclusions The most important stressor of military group was from military task endangered life safe-ty. Military group stress was affected by fighting morale, collective cohesion, replying way, ego efficiency and controlling feel. Army fighting morale was a factor which directly affected mental stress. Lead abet , comrade in arms abet, replying way and ego efficiency indirectly influenced mental stress by influencing army fighting morale. Controlling feel indirectly influenced mental stress by ego efficiency and army fighting morale.