短暂性脑缺血患者低密度脂蛋白和同型半胱氨酸水平分析及护理对策

目的探讨低密度脂蛋白和同型半胱氨酸对短暂性脑缺血（transient ischemic attack，TIA）患者的影响，针对危险因素，提供有效的、可操作的护理措施及健康教育，从而有效减少TIA的不良预后。方法选取2012年1月至2014年1月间在广州医科大学附属第一医院神经内科门诊和住院部首诊为TIA患者125例，首诊为脑梗塞患者68例，详细记录入选患者基数资料及实验室检查结果，分析TIA和脑梗塞患者低密度脂蛋白（low density lipoprotein，LDL）和同型半胱氨酸（homocysteine，Hcy）水平。结果TIA组患者在吸烟、饮酒、NIHSS评分、MRS评分与脑梗塞组比较差异有统计学意义，P〈0．05；脑梗塞组中低密度脂蛋白（LDL）和同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）水平较TIA组高，差异有统计学意义，P〈0．05。结论对初次发生TIA的患者，护士应针对病人的具体情况，采取重点环节，各个击破的方法进行有效的健康教育，协助其戒烟戒酒，控制饮食，积极降低LDL和Hcy水平，从而减少不良预后的发生。

Level analysis and nursing countermeasures of low density lipoprotein and homocysteine in patients with transient ischemic attack

Objective To explore risk factors of transient ischemie attack （TIA） at the first time, to provide effective and workable nursing intervention and health education in view of risk factors, so as to effectively reduce bad prognosis of TIA. Method 125 cases of TIA and 68 cases of cerebral infarction in neurology department of our hospital from January 2012 to January 2014 were selected, and collected their base data and laboratory test results. Result There were statistically significant differences in smoking, drinking, NIHSS score, MRS score, low density lipoprotein （LDL） and homocysteine （Hcy） between TIA group and cerebral infarction group （P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion In order to reduce poor prognosis of TIA patients for the first time, nurses should take effective measures to assist patients to give up smoking and drinking, keep on a diet, actively lower LDL and Hcy levels according to specific condition of patients.