烟台市室内装修工人粉尘防护现状及影响因素分析

目的 调查烟台市室内装修工人粉尘防护现状，分析其主要影响因素，为加强职业保护提供资料和思路。
方法 对烟台市六区200名室内装修工人进行面对面问卷调查，了解工人防尘知识掌握情况、防护态度和行为，以及工人健康管理情况，并对工人粉尘防护知识掌握情况及防尘口罩佩戴情况的影响因素进行分析。
结果 粉尘防护知识掌握分级为“好”的工人占18.23%，39.58%的工人在接尘时能正确佩戴防尘口罩。不同来源工人参加工伤社会保险率、定期体检率差异均有统计学意义（P < 0.05），其情况均以企业工人最好，个体户最差。多因素logistic回归分析结果表明:相比个体户，企业工人和包工头招揽的工人掌握好粉尘防护知识的可能性较高（OR=24.767、19.244，P < 0.01）；相比≤ 30岁工人，41~50岁工人正确佩戴防尘口罩的可能性较低（OR=0.404，P < 0.05）；分别相比认为作业时不需要佩戴防尘口罩、认为粉尘防护措施不重要的工人，认为作业时需要佩戴防尘口罩、认为粉尘防护措施重要的工人正确佩戴口罩的可能性更高（OR=2.884、3.139，P < 0.05）。
结论 烟台市室内装修工人防尘知识水平及防尘行为有待改进。开展有效的工作场所健康促进活动，重点关注流动性较大工人的健康教育工作，是今后加强室内装修工人粉尘防护的主要措施。

Investigation on dust protection status and its influence factors of workers engaged in indoor decoration in Yantai City

Objective To investigate the dust protection status of workers engaged in indoor decoration in Yantai city and analyze its main influence factors, so as to provide scientific basis for strengthening occupational protection. Methods A faceto-face questionnaire survey was conducted among 200 workers engaged in decoration in six districts of Yantai City to investigate their knowledge, attitudes and behaviors of dust protection, as well as their health management. The influence factors of their knowledge of dust protection and wearing of dust masks were analyzed. Results Among 200 workers, 18.23% of them had "good" knowledge in dust protection, and 39.58% of the workers were able to properly wear dust masks when they exposed to dust. The workers employed by enterprises, the self-employed workers and the temporary recruited workers had varied rates not only of participating in social work-related injury insurance but also of participating in periodic physical examination(P < 0.05), generally enterprise-employed workers higher than self-employed workers. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that compared with self-employed workers, workers employed by enterprises and temporary recruited by contractors were more likely to master dust protection knowledge(OR=24.767, 19.244, P < 0.01). Compared with those aged ≤ 30 years old, workers aged between 41 and 50 years old were less likely to wear dust masks correctly (OR=0.404, P < 0.05).Respectively compared with workers who did not need to wear dust masks and did not think dust protection measures were important, workers who needed to wear dust masks and thought dust protection measures were important were more likely to wear dust masks correctly (OR=2.884, 3.139, P < 0.05). Conclusion The knowledge level and behavior of dust protection of workers engaged in indoor decoration in Yantai City need to be improved. To carry out effective workplace health promotion activities and focus on the health education of workers with large mobility are the main measures to strengthen dust protection of these workers in the future.