草乌与生半夏、法半夏配伍的急性毒性及其毒性成分分析

目的探索草乌与生半夏、法半夏配伍反与不反及其化学实质。方法采用Bliss法分别计算草乌提取液、草乌与生半夏合煎液、草乌与法半夏合煎液的LD50;利用超高效液相串联四级杆飞行时间质谱(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS)分析两合煎液的成分,通过主成分分析(PCA)与正交偏最小二乘判别分析法(OPLS-DA)进行数据统计,寻找两合煎液中毒性成分差异。结果草乌提取液、草乌与生半夏合煎液、草乌与法半夏合煎液的半数致死量(LD50)分别为7.96、4.40、12.20 g·kg^-1。两合煎液化学成分比较,草乌与生半夏合煎液中去氧乌头碱、新乌头碱、次乌头碱、北草乌碱、10-脱乙酰乌头碱(双脂型)和10-OH-苯甲酰新乌头原碱、苯甲酰新乌头原碱、苯甲酰次乌头原碱(单脂型)含量均明显增加,中乌头胺和阿克他林(醇胺型)等含量稍微上升,但尼奥林(醇胺型)含量有所减小。结论急性毒性显示,与单用草乌相比,草乌与生半夏配伍后LD50减小,毒性增大;草乌与法半夏配伍后LD50增大,毒性减小。草乌与生半夏、法半夏配伍毒性增大或者减小与酯型生物碱含量相关。

Acute Toxicity and Toxic Components in Compatibility of Aconite Kusnezoffii Radix with the Raw Pinelliae Rhizoma and Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum

Objective To investigate the compatibility or incompatibility and the chemistry mechanism of Aconite kusnezoffii Radix (Aconiti kusnezoffii radix, CW) combined with the raw Pinelliae rhizome (Pinelliae rhizome, SBX) and processed Pinelliae rhizoma (Pinelliae rhizoma praeparatum,FBX). Methods LD50 of the extraction of CW,the decoction of CW and SBX,the decoction of CW and FBX was calculated by Bliss method. Then the toxic components of two decoctions were analyzed by UPLC/Q-TOF-MS. The difference was found by orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) and principal component analysis (PCA). Results The LD50 of CW extract was 7.96 g·kg^-1,the decoction of CW and SBX was 4.40 g·kg^-1,the decoction of CW and FBX was 12.20 g·kg^-1. Comparing the two decoctions, only the content of neoline (amine alkaloids) was reduced, the contents of beiwutine, deacetyl-10-OH-aconitine, deoxyaconitine, aconitine, hypaconitine (diester alkaloids) and 14- benzoyl- 10- mesaconine, benzoylaconitine and benzoyl- aconitum (monoester alkaloids), actaline and mesaconine (amine alkaloids) were all increased in the decoction of CW and SBX. Conclusion The LD50 of CW and SBX decoction is reduced,which means the acute toxicity is increased;the LD50 of CW and FBX decoction is raised,which means the acute toxicity is decreased. The increase or decrease of compatibilities of CW and SBX, FBX are related to the contents of ester alkaloids.