老年长期鼻饲患者营养摄入量调查和营养状况评价

目的评价老年长期鼻饲患者的营养状况,比较单独使用匀浆膳与添加全营养素对营养支持效果的影响。方法对住院的144例老年鼻饲患者进行膳食调查,并按照是否添加全营养素分为匀浆膳组(n=75)和添加组(n=69)。记录摄入的能量和主要营养物质,检测各项营养相关生化指标。结果与匀浆膳组相比,添加组的总热量和碳水化合物摄入量较高(P<0.01)。匀浆膳组的能量、碳水化合物均达不到居民膳食营养素参考摄入量(DRIs)的标准,添加组摄入的匀浆膳少于匀浆膳组(P<0.01)。匀浆膳组的血红蛋白(Hb)营养不良率高于添加组(P<0.05)。添加组的白蛋白(ALB)和Hb较匀浆膳组高(P<0.01和P<0.05)。结论匀浆膳基础上添加全营养素可增加老年长期鼻饲患者的能量和主要营养物质摄入,提高机体蛋白水平,减少营养不良的发生,改善营养状况。

Investigation of nutritional intake and nutritional assessment for long-term hospitalized elderly patients with nasal feeding

Objective To evaluate nutritional status of the elderly patients with long-term nasal feeding in order to compare nutrition support effect of adding all-nutrients formulation on basis of homogenate meals.Methods The nutrient intakes were surveyed in 144 elderly patients with nasal feeding,who were divided into homogenate meals group(n=75) and added formulation group(n=69) according to adding all-nutrients formulation or not.Daily energy and nutrients intake were recorded.The serum levels of nutritional biochemical indicators were compared.Results The intakes of energy and carbohydrates were significantly higher in the added formulation group than that in the homogenate meals group(P<0.01).In the homogenate meals group,the intakes of energy and carbohydrates were lower than that of Dietary Reference Intakes(DRIs).The intake of homogenate meals in homogenate meals group was less than that in the added formulation group(P<0.01).The incidence of hemoglobin(Hb) malnutrition was significantly higher in the homogenate meals group(P<0.05).In the added meals group,albumin(ALB) and Hb were obviously higher than that in the homogenate meals group(P<0.01,P<0.05).Conclusion Adding all-nutrients formulation on basis of homogenate meals increases intakes of energy and main nutrients,improves serum levels of protein indicators,and ameliorates nutritional state of the long-term hospitalized elderly patients with nasal feeding.