Complete genome characterization of a East European Type 1 subtype 3 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a swine disease of major economic importance that causes reproductive and respiratory problems in pigs. PRRSV strains are divided into European (Type 1) and North-American (Type 2) genotypes. Within the European PRRSV genotype, three subtypes have been delineated. Full genome sequences for North American and European subtype 1 strains have been described. Here, the first complete genomic characterization of a European subtype 3 strain (Lena) is described. Amplification of Orf1a and Orf1b fragments was achieved using a set of degenerate oligonucleotides. Using RT-PCR with Lena-specific primers, the full length sequence (15001 nt) was obtained. Alignment of Lena with European subtype 1 reference strain Lelystad showed variation over the entire length (84% identity/89% similarity at amino acid level) with the most variation in Orf1a (Nsp2/NSP2) with a deletion of 29 amino acids. Phylogenetic relationships using different Orfs supported Lena’s genetic distinction from European subtype 1 strains. The availability of the European subtype 3 PRRSV full genome may be important for the understanding of PRRSV evolution and the more pronounced pathogenic nature of Lena.