弥合能量距:预防中国居民超重与肥胖的发生

目的依据追踪人群的体重变化程度推断其长期的能量蓄积量,并据此确定“能量距”,提出量化的弥合“能量距”的措施。方法利用“中国居民健康与营养调查”的资料,选取1989年加入追踪队列的20～45岁的健康成年居民,并且在2000年提供了完整的体格检查的追踪结果的调查对象作为研究对象,用STATA9软件对数据库资料进行统计分析,通过该人群的体重变化推断其“能量距”。结果及结论该追踪人群平均体重从1989年的55.4kg提高到2000年的59.1kg,11年中平均体重增加了3.7kg。体重变化速度的中位数为0.33kg年,在该体重增长速度下经过11年的体重积累导致该人群的超重率提高了1.58倍。按照体重每增加1kg需要在体内蓄积约32284.6kJ的能量推断,该人群平均每天能量蓄积的中位数为29.3kJd,其90位百分位数为94.2kJd。同时考虑到食物中能量的利用率,推断该追踪人群的“能量距”为188.3kJd。坚持每天减少2%～3%的能量摄入或者每天增加步行约10分钟就可以达到控制90%的居民体重增长的目的。

Control the increasing of the prevalence of overweight and obesity by covering the energy gap of Chinese population

Objective To estimate the quantity of the excess energy accumulation according to the weight change in a follow up population, Confirm the energy gap and give the quantitative goal for how much change in energy balance is needed, Methods This paper was based on data collected in the China Health and Nutrition Survey. We selected the adults, 20-45years old healthy men and women, who took part in the survey in 1989 and were followed up in 2000. Results and conclusion From 1989 to 2000, tile weight average of this population increased from 55.4kg to 59.1 kg. The medium of the increasing rate was 0.33kg/y. The prevalence of overweight has increased dramatically from 9.0% to 23.2% from 1989 to 2000. Assuming that each kilogram of body weight gained represents 32284.6kJ. We estimated that the medium of the excess energy accumulation was 29.3kJ/d and the 90th percentile was 94.2kJ/d. Moreover energy derived from mixed composition diets is stored with an efficiency of at least 50% for nearly everyone. So we can estimated the energy gap should be lg8.3kJ/d, This estimate suggests that the behavior change needed to close the energy gap may be small and achievable without drastically altering currcnt life-styles. For example, intaking 2%-3% less of the energy everyday or walk 10 minutes could offset weight gain in about 90% of the population.