The association between motor coordination impairment and restricted/repetitive behaviors in autistic children: The partial mediating effect of executive function |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China;2. Department of Pediatrics, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China;1. School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Australia;2. Centre for the Advancement of Research on Emotion, School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australian, Australia;1. School of Educational Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Education, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia;2. Deakin Biostatistics Unit, Deakin University, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Australia;3. BehaviourWorks Australia, Monash Sustainable Development Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia;1. Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China;2. Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Guanzhou Baiyun District Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Guangzhou 510400, China;3. Department of Child Health Care, Guangzhou Women and Children''s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou 510623, China;1. Emory University School of Medicine, 1920 Briarcliff Rd, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA;2. Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Marcus Autism Center, 1920 Briarcliff Rd, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA;3. Georgia Institute of Technology, 756 W Peachtree St NW, Atlanta, GA 30308, USA;1. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Copenhagen University Hospital, Psychiatry Region Zealand, Roskilde, Denmark;2. PP Clinic, Copenhagen, Denmark;3. Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CNSR) & Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CINS), Copenhagen University Hospital, Psychiatric Center Glostrup, Denmark;4. Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zealand, Denmark;5. Research Unit for Psychotherapy & Psychopathology, Mental Health Service West, Copenhagen University Hospital, Psychiatry Region Zealand, Slagelse, Denmark;6. Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark;1. Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada;2. Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada;3. CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada;4. Centre de Recherche, Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, Canada;5. Université de Paris, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie des Maladies Psychiatriques, Paris, France;6. Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada;7. MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, United Kingdom;8. Generation Scotland, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, United Kingdom;9. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany;10. Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland;11. Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, SGDP Centre, King’s College London, United Kingdom;12. NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France;13. Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, CNRS, CEA, Université de Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France;14. PONS Research Group, Dept of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charite Mitte, Humboldt University, Berlin and Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany, and Institute for Science and Technology of Brain-inspired Intelligence (ISTBI), Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China;15. Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Canada;p. GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Centre de Référence des maladies rares à expression psychiatrique, Pôle PEPIT, Paris, France |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundIt has been strongly argued that impaired motor function contributes to the restricted/repetitive behaviors (RRBs) of autistic children, but the mechanism exploration of these claims has been limited by the absence of potential confounders such as executive function.MethodWe investigated the role that executive function (EF) plays in the relationship between motor coordination, EF, and RRBs in a school-aged autism population (n = 188, age = 7.42 ± 1.46 years, 86.7% males) via a structural equation model in a statistically robust way. The Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire, Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function, and Restrictive Behavior Scale-Revised were collected to measure motor coordination, EF, and RRBs, respectively.ResultsAmong the participants, 33.5% (n = 63) were classified as intellectual disability, 46.8% (n = 88) had EF dysfunction and 35.1% (n = 66) had motor coordination impairment. We found a direct effect of motor coordination impairment on RRBs among children with ASD and without intellectual disability (β = -0.334, p<0.001), as well as an indirect effect through EF, which was a partial mediator of the relationship (β = ?0.140, p = 0.001).ConclusionsMotor coordination impairment should be included in the routine evaluation of autism surveillance and rehabilitation procedure, to address the ASD children who need additional support. It is important to add motor skills and motor coordination training in the daily intervention of autism, which could also improve EF and decrease RRBs in these children. |
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| Keywords: | Motor coordination Motor impairment Restricted/repetitive behaviors Executive function Autism |
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