Protective effect of protexin concentrate in reducing the toxicity of chlorpyrifos in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Aquaculture Department, Faculty of Natural Resources and the Environment, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran;2. Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), and CIBEROBN Fisiopatología de la Obesidad la Nutrición, University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain;3. Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy;1. Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21.941-902, Brazil;2. Department of Biological Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada;1. Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina Viale Ferdinando Stagno d''Alcontres, 31 98166, S. Agata–Messina, Italy;2. Experimental Zooprofilatic Institute of Sicily “A. Mirri”, Italy;1. Department of Zoology, College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad, 500 007, India;2. Toxicology Unit, Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500 007, India;1. Aquatic Toxicology Lab, Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India;2. Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy;1. Freshwater Fisheries Research & Training Centre, Directorate of Fisheries, Govt. of West Bengal, Kulia, Kalyani, Nadia 741 235, West Bengal, India;2. National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA), Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria;3. Department of Zoology, Sundarban Hazi Desarat College, Pathankhali, South 24 Parganas 743611, West Bengal, India;4. Fishery and Ecotoxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Burdwan, Purba Barddhaman, West Bengal, India;5. Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy |
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| Abstract: | The present study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of protexin supplementation against chlorpyrifos-induced oxidative stress and immunotoxicity in Cyprinus carpio. After 21 days, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR), and total antioxidant levels significantly decreased in hepatocytes of fish exposed to chlorpyrifos, while malondialdehyde (MDA) increased. Treatment with protexin was able to reverse the decrease in SOD and GR and significantly reduce MDA levels. Exposure to chlorpyrifos also induced alterations in blood biochemical parameters and caused immunosuppression. Dietary protexin return some parameters (aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and γ-glutamyltransferase activities, and glucose, cholesterol, total protein, creatinine, and complement C4 levels) to values similar to those of the control group. Based on the results, it can be concluded that protexin exerted protective effects against chlorpyrifos exposure in C. carpio reducing oxidative damage, and ameriorating blood biochemical alterations and the immunosuppression. |
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| Keywords: | Protexin Pesticides Oxidative biomarkers Immunological parameters |
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