Binaural beats reduce feeling of pain and discomfort during colonoscopy procedure in not-sedated patients: A randomized control trial |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, S. Maria Maddalena Hospital, AUSL Toscana Nordovest, Volterra, Pisa, Italy;2. CNR, National Reseach Council of Italy, IRIB - Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, Via Torre Bianca c/o Istituto Marino, Mortelle, Messina, Italy;3. Department of Medicine, Clinical Pathway for Respiratory Failure, S. Maria Maddalena Hospital, AUSL Toscana Nordovest, Volterra, Pisa, Italy;4. Volterra Research Foundation, ONLUS, Volterra, Pisa, Italy;5. Surgery Unit, S. Maria Maddalena Hospital, AUSL Toscana Nordovest, Volterra, Pisa, Italy;6. Rehabilitation Unit, Auxilium Vitae Volterra, Volterra, Pisa, Italy;7. Departement of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Messina University, Italy;1. Department of Marriage and Family Therapy, Crean College of Health and Behavioral Sciences, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA;2. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, USA;3. Department of Psychology, Crean College of Health and Behavioral Sciences, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA;1. Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan;2. Department of Nursing, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan;3. Department of Medical Research, Taitung MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taitung, Taiwan;1. School of Clinical Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China;2. Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China;1. Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Plants and Natural Products Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran;2. Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran;3. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Plants and Natural Products Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran;4. Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran;1. School of Psychology, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia;2. iMPACT, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia;3. Department of Gastroenterology, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia;4. Crohn''s & Colitis Australia, Melbourne, Australia;1. Clinic for Complementary Medicine and Diet in Oncology, Local Health Authority Tuscany North-West, Lucca, Italy;2. Division of Psychology, Local Health Authority Tuscany North-West, Lucca, Italy |
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| Abstract: | Background and purposeThis study aimed to determine the effect of Binaural Beats(BB)on feeling of pain, and patient comfort during colonoscopy without sedation.Materials and methodsIt is a randomized, controlled, double-blind procedural study of 115 patients that underwent colonoscopy without sedation. The patients were randomly assigned into the experimental group (n = 42) and the control group (n = 48) that were given BB starting 5 min before and continuing until the end of the colonoscopy procedure without any intervention other than routine nursing care. Measures of the state of anxiety (VAS-Anxiety scale) administered before the procedure, and measures of feeling of pain (Visual Analogue scale VAS-pain), Satisfactory and Willingness to repeat the procedure as Likert scales were also collected soon after the colonoscopy procedure.ResultsFeeling of pain was lower and scores of the level of comfort were higher in the experimental group when compared to the control group (p < 0.05).ConclusionsBB is an effective and safe method for reducing pain and improving patient comfort in cases undergoing colonoscopy without sedation. Since BB method is a non-pharmacological, non-invasive, inexpensive and simple method without any side effects, it may be used to reduce the feeling of pain and discomfort for non-sedated patients undergoing colonoscopy. |
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