Heavy metal and metalloid - induced reproductive toxicity |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India;2. Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600077 Tamil Nadu, India;3. Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India;1. Institute of Analytical Chemistry, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, 09599 Freiberg, Germany;2. Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, 09599 Freiberg, Germany;1. School of Public Health, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China;2. The 169th Hospital of People''s Liberation Army, Xiangnan Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hengyang, Hunan, PR China;3. Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, PR China;4. Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China;5. Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China;1. School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China;2. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China;3. Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People''s Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China;4. Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics / Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University; No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China;1. I.O.S.& COLEMAN Srl, Naples, Italy;2. Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università “Federico II” di Napoli, Naples, Italy;3. Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy |
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| Abstract: | Heavy metals and metalloid exposure are among the most common factors responsible for reproductive toxicity in human beings. Several studies have indicated that numerous metals and metalloids can display severe adverse properties on the human reproductive system. Metals like lead, silver, cadmium, uranium, vanadium, and mercury and metalloids like arsenic have been known to induce reproductive toxicity. Moderate to minute quantities of lead may affect several reproductive parameters and even affect semen quality. The ecological and industrial exposures to the various heavy metals and metalloids have disastrous effects on the reproductive system ensuing in infertility. This work emphasizes the mechanism and pathophysiology of the aforementioned heavy metals and metalloids in reproductive toxicity. Additionally, this work aims to cover the classical protective mechanisms of zinc, melatonin, chelation therapy, and other trending methods to prevent heavy metal-induced reproductive toxicity. |
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| Keywords: | Reproductive toxicity Heavy metals Infertility Melatonin Biomarkers Chelation |
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