Factors in the clinical learning environment that influence caring behaviors of undergraduate nursing students: An integrative review |
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| Affiliation: | 1. School of Nursing, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA;2. School of Nursing, Missouri State University, Springfield, MO, USA;3. Department of Nursing, West Liberty University, WV, USA;1. Faculty of Health and Social Care, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, HU6 7RX, UK;2. Hull York Medical School, Park View Surgery, 87 Beverley Road, Hessle, HU13 9AJ, UK;3. Hymers College, Hymers Avenue, Hull, HU3 1LW, UK;4. School of Health Sciences, Nanyang Polytechnic, Singapore, 569830, Singapore;1. Uludag University, Health Science Faculty, Psychiatric Nursing Department, Bursa, Turkey;2. Dokuz Eylül University, Nursing Faculty, Department of Surgical Nursing, İzmir, Turkey;3. Uludag University, Health Science Faculty, Fundamentals of Nursing Department, Bursa, Turkey;1. Harris College of Nursing & Health Sciences, Texas Christian University, 2800 West Bowie Street, Fort Worth, TX 76129, the United States of America;2. JPS Health Network, 1500 South Main Street, Fort Worth, TX 76104, the United States of America;3. Mary Couts Burnett Library, Texas Christian University, 2913 West Lowden Street, Fort Worth, TX 76129, the United States of America |
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| Abstract: | AimThe aim is to explore literature on the influence of the clinical learning environment on caring behaviors of undergraduate nursing students.BackgroundCaring is a fundamental aspect of nursing practice. However, factors of and in clinical learning environment that help shape the caring behaviors of nursing students as part of their education journey remain understudied.DesignA modified version of Cooper’s five-stage integrative review method was used.MethodsFour databases (Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health, PubMed, Scopus and Embase) were searched for research studies published from 2011 to 2021 in peer reviewed journals, written in English and addressing caring behaviors among nursing students in the clinical learning environment. A combination of keywords with Boolean operators was used including: “nursing students OR nursing undergraduates OR student nurses” and “clinical learning environment” AND “caring behaviors”. Reporting followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement guidelines.ResultsEmpirical evidence was drawn from 11 studies including seven qualitative designs, three quantitative designs and one mixed method design. The results of this review suggest that factors in the clinical learning environment influence nursing students’ ability to develop caring behaviors. Specifically, the five themes of: [1] role modeling of clinical faculty and professional nurses, [2] creating a conducive clinical learning environment, [3] effective communication skills, [4] positive effect of simulation and [5] alternative clinical placements may facilitate the development of caring behaviors among nursing students.ConclusionThe findings highlight the factors in the clinical learning environment that influence nursing students’ caring behaviors. Improving students’ clinical learning experiences and implementing more effective role modeling and teaching strategies may advance their caring abilities. The information generated from this review provides evidence on how to enhance the clinical learning environment to develop students’ caring behaviors, subsequently leading to more optimal patient outcomes. |
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| Keywords: | Caring behaviors Clinical learning environment Clinical placement Communication Nursing students Role modeling Simulation |
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