Brief report: Autism spectrum disorder diagnostic persistence in a 10-year longitudinal study |
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| Institution: | 1. Division Mental Health Care, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Norway;2. Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway;3. Department of Psychology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Norway;4. Research Department, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Norway;1. Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway;2. Frambu Resource Center for Rare Disorders, Norway;3. Division of Mental Health Care, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Norway;4. School of Medicine, Yale University, USA;5. Ostfold University College, Norway;1. Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, UK;2. Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, UK;1. Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Carleton College, Northfield, MN, United States;2. Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States;3. Department of Psychology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States;4. Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, USC Keck School of Medicine;1. Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA;2. ImagiRation, Boston, MA 02135, USA;3. Independent researcher, Newton, MA 02459, USA;1. School of Educational Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Education, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia;2. Deakin Biostatistics Unit, Deakin University, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Australia;3. BehaviourWorks Australia, Monash Sustainable Development Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia;1. CIUSSS Nord-de-l’Île-de-Montréal, 11 822, avenue du Bois-de-Boulogne, Montréal, QC H3M 2X7, Canada;2. Department of Sociology, Université de Montréal, 3150 Jean-Brillant, Montreal, QC, H3T 1N8, Canada;3. Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, CP 8888, succursale centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada;4. Department of Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Université de Montréal, 2900, boul. Édouard-Montpetit, bureau S-750, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundThe aim was to examine diagnostic persistence of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in individuals without intellectual disability from childhood to emerging adulthood.MethodWe assessed 38 children with estimated full-scale intelligence quotient (IQ) >70 who were diagnosed with ASD at baseline (Mage=12.0, SD=2.3, 84% male), and re-assessed two (n=37, Mage=14.2, SD=2.4, 84% male) and 10 years (n=23, Mage=21.7, SD=2.4, 78% male) later.ResultsAt two-year follow-up, all participants still met diagnostic criteria for ASD according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders – fourth version (DSM-IV). At 10-year follow-up, 65% met diagnostic criteria for ASD according to DSM-IV, 48% met diagnostic criteria according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders – fifth version (DSM-5), 57% met the ASD cut-off on the Autism Spectrum Quotient 10-item (AQ-10), and 78% met either DSM-IV criteria or cut-off on the AQ-10. Higher IQ in childhood predicted loss of ASD diagnosis according to DSM-IV criteria (Hedges g = 1.30). A higher proportion of girls compared to boys displayed loss of ASD diagnosis according to DSM-IV criteria.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that ASD traits among individuals without intellectual disability may wane into emerging adulthood and that loss of ASD diagnosis is associated with higher IQ and being a girl. Diagnostic re-evaluations may be warranted for some individuals diagnosed with ASD as children or adolescents. |
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| Keywords: | Autism Spectrum Disorder Longitudinal study Diagnostic stability Diagnostic persistence Childhood predictors |
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