Risk evaluation of occupational exposure of southern Brazilian flower farmers to pesticides potentially leading to cholinesterase inhibition and metals exposure |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Program in Biosciences and Pathophysiology, State University of Maringa, Av. Colombo, 5790, Maringá 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil;2. Graduate in Pharmacy, State University of Maringa, Av. Colombo, 5790, Maringá 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil;3. Graduate in Biomedicine, State University of Maringa, Av. Colombo, 5790, Maringá 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil;4. Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares, Av. Lineu Prestes, 2242, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil;5. Program in Health Science, State University of Maringa, Av. Colombo, 5790, Maringá 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil;6. Center for Natural and Human Sciences, ABC Federal University (UFABC), Avenue dos Estados nº 5001, Santo Andre, SP 09210-580, Brazil;7. Ingá University Center (Uningá), Maringá, Paraná, Brazil;1. Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt;2. Plant protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt;1. Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS, School of Health and Life Sciences, Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Brazil;2. PPG- Ecology and Biodiversity Evolution;3. PPG, Animal Biology (Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul), Brazil;1. Departamento de Biología, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares (ININ), Carretera México-Toluca, S/N, la Marquesa, Ocoyoacac CP. 52750, México;2. Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Edo Mex., México;1. Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Defence Research Development & Establishment, Defence Research Development Organization, Gwalior 474002, India;2. Biotechnology Division, Defence Research Development & Establishment, Defence Research Development Organization, Gwalior 474002, India;1. Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana 136119, India;2. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India;3. Department of Chemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001, India;1. Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, India;2. Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India;3. Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology & Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow 226001, India;4. Immunotoxicology Laboratory, Food Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, India;5. Pathology Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, India |
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| Abstract: | This work presents a frequency matched observational study comparing flower farmers exposed to pesticides and unexposed individuals as controls. All subjects were interviewed before plasma and urine collection. Manganese and Zinc were measured in theses samples by using dynamic reaction cell inductively coupled mass spectrometry. Cholinesterase activity was analyzed through spectrophotometry by using a modified version of the Ellman method. Seventy-eight percent of subjects reported occupational contact with pesticides, from which 37% reported exposure for over 9 years. Flower farms farmers had increased odds of having headache and irritability, respectively, by factors of 6.2 and 2.4 than the control subjects. While the odds of exposed subjects to have insomnia was smaller than control subjects by a factor of 0.34. Exposure to pesticides had a significant effect regarding the plasmatic plasma and urinary manganese levels and whole blood cholinesterase activity (p < 0.05). High levels of plasma and urinary manganese, as well as cholinesterase inhibition in whole blood, were evident in the flower farmers who participated in the study. |
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| Keywords: | Occupational health Pesticides Metals Cholinesterase inhibitors Horticulture Occupational exposures |
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