Neurotoxic,biotransformation, oxidative stress and genotoxic effects in Astyanax altiparanae (Teleostei,Characiformes) males exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of diclofenac and/or caffeine |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Fisiologia, São Paulo, Brazil;2. Universidade Anhembi-Morumbi, Campus Mooca, São Paulo, Brazil;3. Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática and IBBEA, CONICET-UBA. Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina;1. Department of Ecophysiology and Aquaculture, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 301, 12587 Berlin, Germany;2. Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Biology, Humboldt University, Invalidenstr. 42, 10099 Berlin, Germany;1. Laboratório de Metabolismo e Reprodução de Organismos Aquáticos, Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo. Rua do Matão, Trav.14, n° 321, 05508-090 São Paulo, SP, Brazil;2. Environmental Contaminant Mitigation and Technologies Program, CSIRO Land and Water, Private Bag No. 2, Glen Osmond SA 5064, Australia;3. Departamento de Biologia e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Campus de Ilha Solteira, Rua Monção, n°226, 15385-000 Ilha Solteira, Brazil;4. Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires & IBBEA, CONICET-UBA, Ciudad Universitaria (C1428EHA), Buenos Aires, Argentina;5. Centro de Aquicultura (CAUNESP). Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, V. Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castelane s/n, 14884-900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil;1. Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria;2. Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, CCNE, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil |
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| Abstract: | The present study evaluated neurotoxic, biotransformation, genotoxic and antioxidant responses to relevant environmental concentrations of diclofenac (0.4 μg L−1) and caffeine (27.5 μg L−1), separate and combined, in adult males of the freshwater fish Astyanax altiparanae after a subchronic exposure (14 days). Fish exposed to diclofenac and caffeine, both separate and combined, revealed a neurotoxic effect through the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity in the muscle, while diclofenac alone and in combination caused cyclooxygenase inhibition. Caffeine alone produces genotoxicity on this species but, when combined with diclofenac, it potentiates hepatic lipoperoxidation and the inhibition of oxidative stress enzymes, while diclofenac alone or in combination produces a general inhibition of important enzymes. This study suggests that aquatic contamination produced by these pharmaceuticals has the potential to affect homeostasis and locomotion in A. altiparanae and compromise their immune system and general health. |
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| Keywords: | Characiformes Human pharmaceuticals Genotoxicity Oxidative stress Subchronic toxicity |
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