The role of nerve fibers and their neurotransmitters in regulating intervertebral disc degeneration |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Navy Medical University, No.415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, China;2. Department of Orthopedics, Naval Medical Center of PLA, China;1. Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan;2. Cancer and Cell Biology Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix 85004, Arizona, USA;3. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan;1. Department of Physical Therapy, College of Healthcare Medical Science & Engineering, Gimhae 50834, Republic of Korea;2. Research Center for Aged-life Redesign (RCAR), Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Republic of Korea;3. Biohealth Products Research Center (BPRC), Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Republic of Korea;4. Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Republic of Korea;1. Department of Spinal Surgery, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518035, China;2. Department of Orthopedic Spinal Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China;3. Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518035, China;1. Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA;2. Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA;3. Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, VA, 22908, USA;1. Department of Spine Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, China;2. Medical Department, Yidu Cloud (Beijing) Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100191, PR China;3. Department of Spine Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, 256600, China;4. Department of Spine Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250000, China;5. Institute for Neurological Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences of Shandong First Medical University&Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, 271000, China;1. Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 139Ziqiang Rd, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China;2. Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 139Ziqiang Rd, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China;3. Laboratory of Immunology, Hebei Provincial Institute of Orthopaedic Research, 139Ziqiang Rd, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China |
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| Abstract: | Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) has been the major contributor to chronic lower back pain (LBP). Abnormal apoptosis, senescence, and pyroptosis of IVD cells, extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation, and infiltration of immune cells are the major molecular alternations during IVDD. Changes at tissue level frequently occur at advanced IVD tissue. Ectopic ingrowth of nerves within inner annulus fibrosus (AF) and nucleus pulposus (NP) tissue has been considered as the primary cause for LBP. Innervation at IVD tissue mainly included sensory and sympathetic nerves, and many markers for these two types of nerves have been detected since 1940. In fact, in osteoarthritis (OA), beyond pain transmission, the direct regulation of neuropeptides on functions of chondrocytes have attracted researchers’ great attention recently. Many physical and pathological similarities between joint and IVD have shed us the light on the neurogenic mechanism involved in IVDD. Here, an overview of the advances in the nervous system within IVD tissue will be performed, with a discussion on in the role of nerve fibers and their neurotransmitters in regulating IVDD. We hope this review can attract more research interest to address neuromodulation and IVDD itself, which will enhance our understanding of the contribution of neuromodulation to the structural changes within IVD tissue and inflammatory responses and will help identify novel therapeutic targets and enable the effective treatment of IVDD disease. |
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| Keywords: | Intervertebral disc degeneration Aging Neuromodulation Mechanism |
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