Amino-functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles (NH2-MSiNPs) impair the embryonic development of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin, University of Rome Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy;2. University of Salento, Department of Mathematics and Physics, 73100 Lecce, Italy;3. CNR Nanotec-Istituto di Nanotecnologia, 73100 Lecce, Italy;4. Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy;5. CNIS Research Center for Nanotechnology Applied to Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;1. National Research Centre for the Working Environment, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;2. National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark;3. Department of Pathophysiology, Forensic Veterinary Medicine and Administration, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-717 Olsztyn, Poland;1. School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China;2. Department of Clinical Laboratory, 404 Hospital of Mianyang, Mianyang 621000, China;3. School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China;4. State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China;5. School of Environmental and Resource, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China;1. Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, 61511 Minia, Egypt;2. Departments of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, 61511 Minia, Egypt;3. Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt;1. Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi''an 710127, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China |
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| Abstract: | Nanoparticles have found use in a wide range of applications, mainly as carriers of active biomolecules. It is thus necessary to assess their toxicity for human health, as well as for the environment, on which there is still a gap of knowledge. In this work, sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus, a widely used model for embryotoxicity and spermiotoxicity, has been used to assess potential detrimental effects of amino-functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles (NH2-MSiNPs) on embryonic development. Specifically, gametes quality, embryogenesis morphological and timing alterations, and cellular stress markers, such as mitochondrial functionality, were assessed in presence of different concentrations of NH2-MSiNPs in filtered seawater (FSW). Furthermore, dorsal-ventral axis development and skeletogenesis were characterized by microscopy imaging and gene expression analysis. NH2-MSiNPs determined a strong reduction in the egg fertilization rate. Consequently, the presence of NH2-MSiNPs resulted detrimental in P. lividus embryonic development, with severe morphological alterations correlated with an increased embryos mortality. Finally, NH2-MSiNPs treatment was responsible for other toxic effects, such as reduced mitochondrial function and skeletogenesis alterations, according to the reduced mineralization sites in the endoskeleton formation and the related genes altered expression. Taken together, these results suggest the potential toxic effects of NH2-MSiNPs on the marine ecosystem, with consequences for the development and reproduction of its organisms. Despite their promising potential as carriers of biomolecules, it is pivotal to consider that their uncontrolled use may result harmful to the environment and, consequently, to living organisms. |
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| Keywords: | Sea urchin Embryo development Nanotoxicity |
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