Light-activated receptor tyrosine kinases: Designs and applications |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute (ARMI), Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, 15 Innovation Walk, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia;2. European Molecular Biology Laboratory Australia (EMBL Australia), Monash University, 15 Innovation Walk, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia;3. Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Sturt Road, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia;1. School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611130, PR China;2. Innovation Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, PR China;1. Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy;2. Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy;3. Center of Innovative Therapies for Cystic Fibrosis, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy;1. Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA;2. Medical Scientist Training Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA;3. Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA;4. The Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA;5. Departments of Neurology and Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;1. Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, 13125, Berlin, Germany;2. Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA |
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| Abstract: | Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are a large and essential membrane receptor family. The molecular mechanisms and physiological consequences of RTK activation depend on, for example, ligand identity, subcellular localization, and developmental or disease stage. In the past few years, genetically-encoded light-activated RTKs (Opto-RTKs) have been developed to dissect these complexities by providing reversible and spatio-temporal control over cell signaling. These methods have very recently matured to include highly-sensitive multi-color actuators. The new ability to regulate RTK activity with high precision has been recently harnessed to gain mechanistic insights in subcellular, tissue, and animal models. Because of their sophisticated engineering, Opto-RTKs may only mirror some aspects of natural activation mechanisms but nevertheless offer unique opportunities to study RTK signaling and physiology. |
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