早期气管切开对严重颅脑疾病患者预后的影响

目的：探讨早期气管切开对严重颅脑疾病患者预后的影响。方法回顾性分析68例严重颅脑疾病患者的临床资料，根据气管切开时间分为两组，入重症医学科（ICU）72 h内给予气管切开的34例为早期气管切开组（ ET组），入ICU 14 d以后给予气管切开的34例为晚期气管切开组（ LT组），比较两组患者的机械通气时间、住院时间、呼吸机相关性肺炎（ VAP）发生率、镇静药物使用时间、抗生素使用时间、住院期间病死率。结果 ET组住院时间、机械通气时间、VAP发生率、镇静药物使用时间、抗生素使用时间分别为（4.2±2．4）d、（3．5±0．6） d、（14．5±3．2）％、（1．5±0．5） d、（3．3±0．3） d，LT组分别为（12．5±4．8） d、（8．5±5．6）d、（28．6±8．6）％、（6．3±1．2）d、（13．2±1．1）d，两组差异均有统计学意义（t＝3．14、2．96、3．28、3．46、2．57，均P＜0．05）；ET组、LT组住院期间病死率分别为（23．8±4．38）％、（24．5±4．16）％，两组差异无统计学意义（t＝1．49，P＞0．05）。结论早期气管切开能够减少严重颅脑疾病患者的住院时间，缩短机械通气时间，降低VAP发生率，减少镇静药物及抗生素的使用时间，但是对患者病死率无影响。

Effect of early tracheotomy on the prognosis of patients with serious brain lesions in intensive medicine

Objective To investigate the effects of early tracheotomy on the prognosis of patients with severe brain lesions .Methods The clinical data of 68 patients with severe brain lesions were retrospectively analyzed . According to the time of tracheotomy ,we assigned 68 patients to receive either early tracheotomy or late tracheotomy . 34 patients who were given tracheotomy within 72 hours in Intensive Care Unit were selected as the early tracheotomy group （ET group）.34 patients who were given tracheotomy after 14 days in Intensive Care Unit were selected as the late tracheotomy group（LT group）.The time of mechanical ventilation,length of hospital stay,and the incidence of ventilator associated pneumonia （ VAP ） , sedative drug use time , antibiotic use time , in-hospital mortality were compared between the two groups.Results In ET group,the hospitalization time,mechanical ventilation time, incidence of VAP,sedative drug use time,antibiotic use time were （4.2 ±2.4）d,（3.5 ±0.6）d,（14.5 ±3.2）%, （1.5 ±0.5）d,（3.3 ±0.3）d,those in LT group were （12.5 ±4.8）d,（8.5 ±5.6）d,（28.6 ±8.6）%,（6.3 ±1.2）d, （13.2 ±1.1） d respectively,the differences between the two groups were statistically significant （ t =3.14,2.96, 3.28,3.46,2.57,all P〈0.05）.The hospitalization mortality rates of ET group ,LT group were （23.8 ±4.38）%, （24.5 ±4.16）%,respectively no significant difference between the two groups （ t=1.49,P〈0.05）.Conclusion The use of early tracheotomy can reduce the hospitalization time ,shorten the time of mechanical ventilation ,reduce the incidence of ventilator associated pneumonia ,and reduce the time of using sedative drugs and antibiotics ,but the mor-tality has no significant effect in the severe craniocerebral injury patients .