A co-twin control study of physical function in elderly African America women

Objective: This study investigated variables associated with physical functioning limitations among elderly African American women, controlling for genetics and common family environment. Method: Activities of daily living limitations (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living limitations (IADL) are examined in 180 pairs of African American elderly twins using a co-twin control design. The association of chronic disease, other physical problems, lifestyle, and demographic factors with both measures are investigated. Results: Arthritis, hypertension, and more than 1 chronic disease are associated with ADL limitations and arthritis; diabetes, heart attack, and more than 1 chronic disease are associated with IADL limitations in univariate analyses. In multivariate analyses, a different set of additional variables is associated with the two measures. Discussion: Among elderly African American women, physical functioning limitations are influenced by the presence of chronic diseases, other physical problems, lifestyle, and demographics. These associations are not due to genetics or common family environment effects.