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Tattoo removal – state of the art
Authors:Gudrun Pfirrmann  Syrus Karsai  Susanne Roos  Stefan Hammes  Christian Raulin
Abstract:Tattooing has been around since the early beginnings of modern civilization. The discovery of selective photothermolysis at last has made it possible to remove tattoos without leaving a scar. Q‐switched neodymium: yttrium‐aluminum‐garnet, alexandrite, and ruby lasers with pulse durations in the nanosecond domain fulfill this need. Argon or cw‐CO2 lasers as well as intense pulsed light sources should not be used since they often produce significant scarring. This article provides an overview of current laser systems.Developments leading to new tattoo inks, feedback systems to detect the absorbance characteristics of tattoo inks, dermal clearing agents, and perhaps even lasers with shorter pulse‐durations might improve the results in the future.
Keywords:Lasers  adverse effects/laser surgery  therapeutic use/laser surgery  Color  Skin  Microscopy  Pigments, Biological effects  humans
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