HIV risks among injecting and non-injecting female partners of men who inject drugs in Almaty,Kazakhstan: Implications for HIV prevention,research, and policy |
| |
| Affiliation: | 1. Global Health Research Center of Central Asia, Columbia University, 1255 Amsterdam Avenue, 8th Floor, New York, NY 10027, United States;2. Global Health Research Center of Central Asia, 102 Luganskogo Street, ap. 1, Medeu District, Almaty 050059, Kazakhstan;3. Center for Public Health and Human Rights, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, E7141, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States;4. School of Social Service Administration, University of Chicago, 969 East 60th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, United States;1. Department of Psychology, London South Bank University, 103 Borough Road, London SE1 0AA, United Kingdom;2. School of Psychology, University of East London, Stratford Campus, Room AE236, Water Lane E15 4LZ, United Kingdom;1. School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland;2. Farenta Oy, Vantaa, Finland;3. Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia;4. School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia;1. Department of Health Education and Promotion, East Carolina University, 2302 Carol Belk Building, MS 529, Greenville, NC 27858, USA;2. Department of Health Education and Promotion, East Carolina University, 2206 Carol Belk Building, MS 529, Greenville, NC 27858, USA;3. Department of Criminal Justice, East Carolina University, 239 Rivers Building, Greenville, NC 27858, USA;1. Department of Marketing, College of Business at Iowa State University, 3250 Gerdin Building, Ames, IA 50011, United States;2. Department of Applied Economics and Management, Cornell Food and Brand Lab at Cornell University, 15 Warren Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States;1. Instituto de Historia de la Medicina y de la Ciencia López Piñero, UISYS (CSIC – Universitat de València), Plaça Cisneros n° 4, 46003 Valencia, Spain;2. Departamento de Historia de la Ciencia y Documentación, Universitat de València, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain;3. Instituto de Documentación y Tecnologías de la Información, Universidad Católica San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain;4. Plan Municipal de Drogodependencias, Ayuntamiento de Valencia, Calle Amadeo de Saboya, 11, 46010 Valencia, Spain;5. Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera, s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain |
| |
| Abstract: | BackgroundKazakhstan and other countries in Central Asia are experiencing a rapidly growing HIV epidemic, which has historically been driven by injection drug use, but is more recently being fueled by heterosexual transmission.MethodsThis paper examines HIV and HCV infection, as well as sexual and drug-related risks among female partners of men who inject drugs (MWID), comparing females who inject drugs (FWID) to non-injecting female partners on socio-demographic, relationship context, and structural characteristics.ResultsThe prevalence rate of HIV was 30.1% among FWID and 10.4% among non-IDU female partners of MWID. The prevalence rate of HCV was 89.8% among FWID and 14.8% among female non-IDUs. Less than one-fifth of all female participants had access to HIV education and services or harm reduction programs. Although high rates of non-injection drug use and sexual risk behaviors were found among both FWID and non-injecting female partners of MWID, we found that FWID were more likely to be HIV seropositive (aRR = 3.03; 95% CI = 1.78, 5.18) and HCV seropositive than non-IDU females (aRR = 6.05; 95% CI = 4.05, 9.04), were more likely to have used alcohol or drugs before sex (aRR = 1.67; 95% CI = 1.40, 2.00), and were more likely to have used sedatives, barbiturates, tranquilizers, sleeping pills, or painkillers that were not prescribed by a physician (aRR = 17.45; 95% CI = 8.01, 38.01).ConclusionGiven the spread of the HIV epidemic to heterosexual partners in Kazakhstan, more attention is needed in research, prevention, and policies regarding female partners of male injection drug users. |
| |
| Keywords: | Injection drug use Female partners of men who inject drugs HIV HCV Central Asia |
| 本文献已被 ScienceDirect 等数据库收录！ |
|
