Electromagnetic fields promote severe and unique vascular calcification in an animal model of ectopic calcification |
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| Institution: | 1. Cardiovascular Research Center, Heart Institute, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel;2. Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel;3. Department of Pathology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel;1. Mouse Imaging Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada;2. Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, China;3. Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China;4. Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada;1. Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Jochiwon, Sejong 339-700, Republic of Korea;2. Department of Pharmacy, Korea University, Jochiwon, Sejong 339-700, Republic of Korea;3. Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul 100-715, Republic of Korea;1. Agroprocessing and Natural Products Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research – National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695019, Kerala, India;2. Division of Biochemistry, CSIR – Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India;3. Division of Toxicology, CSIR-CDRI, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India;1. Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zagazig, Zagazig, Sharkia Gov., Egypt;2. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Zagazig, Zagazig, Sharkia Gov., Egypt;1. Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan;2. Laboratory of Veterinary Histopathology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-8508, Japan;3. Biological Safety Research Center, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan;1. Developmental Research Laboratories, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 3-1-1 Futaba-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan;2. Laboratories of Veterinary Pathology, Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Rinkuu Ourai Kita 1-58, Izumisano-shi, Osaka 598-8531, Japan |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundThe effects of electromagnetic fields (EMFs) on cardiovascular calcification is unknown. We sought to evaluate the effects of EMF on vascular calcification in normal rats and in rats with chronic kidney disease (CKD) – a condition which promotes calcification.MethodsWe used four groups of rats: group 1 – exposed to EMF, group 2 – not exposed to EMF, group 3 – rats with CKD exposed to EMF, group 4 – rats with CKD not exposed to EMF. In order to induce CKD, groups 3 and 4 rats were fed with a uremia-inducing diet. Groups 1 and 3 rats were continuously exposed to EMF using a system similar to an electrical transformer, which consists of a primary coil, a ferrite ring, and a secondary coil. The system transmitter emitted a series of exponentially decaying electromagnetic sine waves (continuous exposure with pulsed peaks) in randomly selected frequencies between 150 and 155 kHz, with random exposure intensities between 4 and 7 mG. Clinical investigations included multislice computed tomography of the aortic roots. Pathological examinations of the aortas included histological characterization, and antigen expression analyses.ResultsNo calcification was found in either group of rats with normal kidney function. Aortic root calcification was significantly higher in rats exposed to EMF (group 3) compared with group 4 rats – with a mean Agatston score of 138±25 vs. 80±20 respectively (p < 0.05). Pathological examination showed massive aortic calcification in group 3 rats. The calcification pattern was unique as it formed circular rings along the length of the aortic media.Although increased calcification was noticed in group 3 rats, antigen expression of osteoblast markers was significantly decreased in group 3 compared with group 4.ConclusionsEMF exposure may have potential harmful effects on the cardiovascular system, as it promotes severe vascular calcification in CKD miliue. |
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| Keywords: | Electromagnetic fields vascular calcification |
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