Napsin A is possibly useful marker to predict the tumorigenic potential of lung bronchiolo-alveolar hyperplasia in F344 rats

There are 2 types of bronchiolo-alveolar hyperplasia found in rat lungs. One is ‘inflammatory hyperplasia’ with a potential to recover in future with removal of the stimulating insult and the other is ‘latent tumorigenic hyperplasia’ as an independent preneoplastic lesion for adenocarcinoma. In the present experiment, we focused on rat lung bronchiolo-alveolar hyperplasia induced by 4-(methyl-nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), which decreases with time after induction and reverts to normal, or by N-bis(2-hydroxypropyl)nitrosamine (DHPN), with tumorigenic potential to progress to adenoma and adenocarcinoma. Though NNK is a typical carcinogen inducing lung adenocarcinoma in female A/J mice, the tumorigenic potential by NNK in rats is weak. Differences between hyperplasias induced by DHPN and by NNK were here examined immunohistochemically.Formalin fixed paraffin embedded lung samples with hyperplastic and inflammatory lesions were obtained from rats exposed to DHPN or NNK and from lung inflammation models induced with fine particles like CuO, NiO and quartz. The 19 markers were examined immunohistochemically.Napsin A, in the inflammatory lesions and hyperplasia induced by NNK, was positive for macrophages and secretions in the alveoli spaces but less so in the walls of the alveoli. In the proliferative lesions including hyperplasia induced by DHPN, strong positive staining for napsin A was observed in the walls of the alveoli. Thus high expression was suggested to be possibly useful for detecting tumorigenic potential of rat lung hyperplasia.