光固化3D打印软组织材料的性能研究进展

光固化3D打印技术具有成型速度快、精度高的特点,可以精确控制需打印软组织的大小、形状和强度等,完成所需替代软组织支架的高匹配定制,有效解决软组织替代物的巨大缺口。目前该技术的应用范围取决于光敏材料的性能,首先,需具备适当的黏度、固化时间和固化收缩率等,以执行光固化打印并能控制打印组织的精度;其次,打印组织还需满足机体使用的机械性能(如强度、硬度、韧性)和良好的生物相容性(如促细胞黏附、增殖及分化),而降解性质、孔隙率、血管化等直接影响打印组织的机械性能或生物相容性。综述软组织支架打印所需光敏材料的基本性能和特殊性能要求及目前改良材料性能的方法,并展望光敏材料的发展趋势,对软组织工程光敏打印材料的开发具有指导意义。

Research Progress of Stereolithographic 3D Printing of Soft Tissue Engineering Scaffolds

Stereolithographic 3D printing technology has characteristics of fast forming speed and high precision, which allow it to accurately control the size, shape and strength of 3D printing soft tissue scaffolds, complete the high matching customization, and effectively solve the huge gap of the soft tissue replacement. At present, the application scope of this technology depends on the properties of photosensitive materials. Firstly, it is necessary to have appropriate viscosities, curing times and curing shrinkage rates for accurately controlling the soft tissue scaffolds by stereolithographic 3D printing. Secondly, printing tissues need to meet the mechanical properties (such as strength, hardness, toughness) and good biocompatibility (such as promoting cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation), which were directly affected by degradation, porosity and vascularization. This review discussed the performance requirements and the improvement methods and the trends of photosensitive materials, aiming to provide guidance and insights to the development of photosensitive printing materials for soft tissue engineering.