胸主动脉夹层腔内治疗相关并发症的处理

目的 回顾血管腔内修复术(EVAR)治疗胸主动脉夹层后相关并发症的治疗经验,探讨并发症发生原因和处理中存在的问题.方法 回顾性分析2002年7月至2008年3月胸主动脉瘤夹层stanford B型EVAR术后相关并发症33例,其中男性21例,女性12例,平均年龄46.3岁.EVAR术后最长6个月,平均12.3 d.并发症包括左颈总动脉闭塞5例,内漏5例,下肢动脉损伤4例,支架血管植入假腔3例,支架远端逆行性夹层3例,继发A型夹层2例,肢体动脉栓塞2例,以及肱动脉假性动脉瘤和脑血管意外、植入物感染等.除保守治疗外,行二期支架植入13例,颈-颈动脉和颈-锁骨下动脉转流7例,髂股动脉修补或移植4例,动脉取栓1例,经腹主动脉假腔开窗2例,转为升主动脉置换1例.结果 随访结果显示,二期支架植入后内漏消失,动脉转流术后中枢神经系统、肢体及肠管缺血明显改善,逆行性夹层消失.1例A型夹层死于急性心包填塞,1例死于脑出血.结论 对于EVAR术后并发症必须及早处理,采用血管腔、内外治疗相结合措施可提高成功率.

The treatment of complications of endovascular repair of aortic dissection

Objective To discuss the experience with special consideration for the occurrence and management of complications after thoracic aortic stent-graft treatment (EVAR). Methods Retrospectively review the 33 cases with complications following EVAR from July 2002 to March 2008. There were 21 male patients and 12 female patients with a mean age of 46. 3 years and mean postoperative period of 12.3 d. There were 5 cases with left carotid artery covered, 5 cases with proximal or distal endoleak, 4 cases with limbs artery injuries, 3 cases with entire stent in false lumen, 3 cases with retrogression dissections, and 2 cases with Stanford A type dissection. In addition, there were 1 case of acute cerebral infarction during the procedure, 1 case of cerebral haemorrhage 2 d after endovascular repair and 1 case of pseudoaneurysm of the left brachial artery. The procedures for the complications included second stent grafts placement in 13 cases, right-left carotid and left carotid-subclavian bypass in 7 cases, iliac-femoral artery repair or graft implantation in 4 cases, abdominal aortic dissection windowing in 2 cases, one artery thrombectomy and one Beutall's procedure. Results Follow-up consisted of a CTA, MRI and office visit at 1, 6, 12 months and yearly thereafter. All the endoleak and retrogression dissections disappeared after secondary endovascular procedure. The ischemic complication of limbs, central nervous system and intestinal were cured after artery bypass. One case died of cardiac tamponade due to Stanford A aortic dissection and another ease died of cerebral hemorrhage. Conclusions The complication should be corrected as soon as possible and it might get more success to combine the endovascular approach and open surgery. Meanwhile, enhanced follow-up would help to find correlative complications in time.