西部12个省(自治区、直辖市)部分地区小学新生乙型肝炎疫苗首针及时接种率调查

目的 了解西部12个省(自治区、直辖市,下同)部分地区小学新生乙型肝炎(乙肝)疫苗首针(HepB1)接种情况.方法 2005年9月,在西部12个省根据接种率和流动儿童聚集情况各抽取1个县,分别在城区、城镇、农村各选1所小学,每所小学随机抽取100名新生为调查对象,通过发放免疫规划宣传文化衫,采用问卷和查验预防接种证记录,对小学新生乙型肝炎HepB1接种情况进行调查.结果 城区、城镇、农村小学新生HepB1及时接种率分别为60.4%、53.4%、27.6%,差异有显著统计学意义(2=534,P＜0.001),县级和县级以上医院、乡卫生院以及在家出生的小学新生HepB1及时接种率分别为61.2%、46.5%、14.3%,差异有显著的统计学意义(2=953.3,P＜0.001);常住儿童和流动儿童HepB1及时接种率分别为47.4%和41.9%,差异有显著的统计学意义(2=16.8,P＜0.01).结论 中国西部地区,特别是西部农村应加大对乙肝防治知识的宣传、提高住院分娩率,提高HepB1及时接种率.

Investigation on coverage rate of the first hepatitis B vaccine for new entrance students of primary school in 12 Provinces (Autonomous Regions and Municipalities) of West China

Objective The investigation was conducted to study the coverage rate of the first hepatitis B vaccine(hepatitis B)among primary school students in 12 western provinces of China.Methods In the investigation,one county was selected in each of the 12 western provinces based on the coverage rate of EPI vaccines and the distribution of fluid children in September 2005.One school was selected at each area including urban,township and rural,respectively,and 100 new students were selected as the sample randomly from each school.Promotional shirts of immunization plans were distributed followed by the investigation by questionnaire and checking the HepB1 immunization record.Results The coverage rates of the first HepB1 in urban,township and rural areas were 60.4%,53.4%,and 27.6%,respectively,with statistically significance(X2=534,P<0.001)The coverage rates of timely HepB1 for new born delivered in hospital at county level or above,at township level and at home were 61.2%,46.5%,and 14.3%,respectively,with significant difference(X2=953.3,P<0.001).The coverage rate in regular children residents and fluid children were 47.4% and 41.9%,respectively,with significant difference(X2=16.8,P<0.01).Conclusion It is necessary to strengthen the publicity for the prevention of Hepatitis B in western areas,particularly western rural areas,and thus increase the rate of hospital delivery and the coverage rate of timely HepB1.