强制隔离戒毒人员中美沙酮维持治疗的认知相关因素研究

目的:研究强制隔离戒毒人员对美沙酮维持治疗相关知识的认知情况及其相关因素,为针对性地开展健康宣传教育工作提供依据。方法:采用典型抽样与整群抽样结合的方法,使用自行设计的问卷对四川、湖南、广西三省共5家强制隔离戒毒所的1015名戒毒人员进行调查。结果:(1)强制隔离戒毒人员对美沙酮维持治疗相关知识的总体认知水平尚低,平均知晓率仅为48.0%。(2)认知情况男性好于女性,文化程度高者好于文化程度低者,吸毒史为10-20 a者好于吸毒史小于10 a和大于20 a者,曾经参加过美沙酮维持治疗者好于从未参加过者,所在戒毒所提供美沙酮维持治疗相关服务者好于未提供者。结论:强制隔离戒毒所应加强所内美沙酮维持治疗相关知识的宣传教育工作,重点关注女性、文化程度较低、汉族及吸毒史较长和较短的戒毒人员,对少数民族戒毒人员的宣传教育工作应当继续给予重视。同时大力推广强制隔离戒毒人员出所后的美沙酮维持治疗转介模式,并开始逐渐探索在强制隔离戒毒所内引入美沙酮维持治疗。

RESEARCH ON KNOWLEDGE OF METHADONE MAINTENANCE TREATMENT AMONG DRUG ADDICTS IN COMPULSORY DETOXIFICATION CENTERS

Objective: To learn about the knowledge of methadone maintenance treatment(MMT) and related risk factors among drug addicts,hence to provide evidence to targeted health education.Methods:1015 drug addicts from five compulsory detoxification centers in Sichuan,Hunan and Guangxi Province were typically sampled and investigated with self-designed questionnaires.Results:(1)The knowledge level of MMT among drug addicts in compulsory detoxification centers was low with average rate of awareness 48.0%.(2)The associated factors of knowledge level of MMT among drug addicts in compulsory detoxification centers included gender,educational level and history of drug abuse.The level was higher among the people who are female,highly educated or with drug abuse history of 10 to 20 years.In addition,drug addicts who had been involved in MMT before as well as those who had been provided MMT related services in compulsory detoxification centers had much higher knowledge level of MMT.Conclusion:Compulsory detoxification centers have to emphasize on the education of MMT for drug addicts.Great emphasis should be placed on the female,the Han and the addicts with low educational level and very long or short drug abuse history,and the minority should continue to be concerned.Moreover,MMT referral model should be expanded across the country and gradually explored to bring it into compulsory detoxification centers.