Pilon Ⅲ型骨折的关节面修复重建

目的对PilonⅢ型骨折关节面修复与重建的手术方法及经验进行总结。方法1999年1月～2005年12月,收治PilonⅢ型骨折20例22侧,其中资料完整者16例18侧。男13例15侧,女3例3侧;年龄14～48岁。坠落伤12例14侧,交通伤4例4侧。采用延期切开复位内固定,以距骨关节面为模板对胫骨远端平台关节面准确复位、坚实植骨、坚强内固定、早期功能锻炼的方法进行治疗。结果术后切口Ⅰ期愈合14侧,延迟愈合3侧,感染1侧。所有患者获随访9～71个月,平均22个月。X线片复查示内固定物无进入关节腔者。依据Teeny等提出的Pilon骨折术后放射学评价标准,关节面解剖复位率77.8%（14/18）。骨折Ⅰ期愈合率94.4%（17/18）。根据Mazur等制定的踝关节症状与功能评分系统对18侧手术关节进行功能评估,优5侧,良7侧,可5侧,差1侧,优良率66.7%。结论软组织正确处理、胫骨远端平台高度的良好恢复、关节面准确复位及充分植骨为关节面提供坚实的即时支撑,坚强内固定稳定维持胫骨远端正常形态和早期功能锻炼是手术成功的关键。

REDINTEGRATION OF ARTICULAR SURFACE WITH TIBIA TYPE Ⅲ PILON FRACTURE

OBJECTIVE: To explore an improved method of surgical operation for reposition of the articular surface with Type III Pilon fractures. METHODS: From January 1999 to December 2005, 20 patients (22 sides) with Type III Pilon fractures were treated with the delayed open reduction and the internal fixation, which took the superior articular surface of the talus as a templet so as to reposition the lower articular surface of the tibia, strengthen the bone transplantation, fasten the internal fixation, and make an early functional exercise possible. Complete data were obtained from 16 of the patients with 18 sides (13 males, 15 sides; 3 females, 3 sides; age, 14-48 years). The injury due to a falling accident was found in 12 patients (14 sides), and due to a traffic accident in 4 patients (4 sides). RESULTS: The healing of the first intention was achieved in 14 sides, the delayed healing in 3 sides, and the infection in 1 side. The follow-up of all the 16 patients for 9-71 months (average, 22 months) including the X-ray examinations revealed that no screw for the internal fixation entering the articular cavity. According to the Teeny's judging standards of radiology evaluating the result of the surgery for Pilon fractures, the anatomical reduction of the related articular surface was found in 77.8% of the sides (14/18) and the healing of the first intention (stage I ) in 94.4% (17/18). According to the Mazur's criteria, an excellent result was obtained in 5 sides, good in 7, fair in 5, and poor in 1. The excellent and good result was 66.7%. CONCLUSION: Proper management of the injured soft tissues, prompt recovery of the tibial distant plateau height, and accurate reposition of the articular surface, enough transplant bone for the solid support, strong internal fixation for the distant tibial anatomical structure, and early functional exercise are the key points to the successful operation.