已婚妇女社会性别意识和家庭地位状况调查

目的:了解我国农村地区妇女的社会性别意识和家庭地位状况,为下一步工作提供参考依据。方法:2004年11~12月在河北、湖北和四川的3个人口基金项目县,对1227名有0~7岁孩子的妇女进行面对面的问卷调查。调查对象采用多阶段整群抽样方法获得。结果:农村妇女的家庭地位有了明显的提高,80%的妇女能够自己决定自己的婚姻,70%的妇女能够参与到家庭决策过程中,"男主外,女主内"的家庭分工已经越来越少。但调查妇女的社会性别平等意识仍然较弱,男性仍然在家里占据主导地位。家庭资源较为贫乏时,绝大多数妇女都选择首先将家庭卫生资源和营养资源分配给丈夫、儿子和丈夫的父母,而将自己排在最后。男性在妇女生殖健康行为中发挥重要作用。教育程度对妇女社会性别意识有重要影响。结论:我国农村地区育龄妇女的社会性别意识和家庭地位状况还存在很多问题,需要加强社会性别平等和男性参与生殖健康方面的宣传教育,真正实现社会性别平等。

Investigation on gender conception and family status of the married women in rural area of China

Objective:To understand the gender conception and family status of married women in rural China.Methods:Clustering sample method was conducted to select 1 227 married women from Hebei,Hubei and Sichuan,who had at least a child aged from 0 to 7 years old.All the women were interviewed using uniform questionnaire during Nov~Dec 2004.Results:About 80% women were able to decide their marriage by themselves or together with parents,and about 70% women were able to get involved in the decision of family affairs.The gender conception was still poor among many women,and man was in the dominant position in family.Education had significant influence on women's gender conception.Conclusion:There are still many problems which need to be addressed to make sure the gender equality and equity.