Evaluation and management of variceal bleeding |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX;2. Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 7400 Jones Drive, Apt 724, Galveston, TX;1. Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology. University of Texas Medical Branch,;1. Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas;3. Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas;1. Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, KU, Leuven, Belgium;2. Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Imelda General Hospital, Bonheiden, Belgium;1. Liver Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Research, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain;3. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain;4. Gastroenterology Unit, AORN A. Cardarelli, Naples, Italy;6. Cirrhosis Care Clinic, Division of Gastroenterology (Liver Unit), Centre of Excellence for Gastrointestinal Inflammation and Immunity Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada;5. Gastroenterology Department, Hepatology Unit, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Institut d''Investigació Biomédica de Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain;1. Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN;2. Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN |
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| Abstract: | Acute variceal bleeding is one of the most fatal complications of cirrhosis and is responsible for about one-third of cirrhosis-related deaths. Therefore, every effort should be made to emergently resuscitate the patients, start pharmacotherapy as soon as possible and do endoscopic therapy in a timely manner. Despite the recent advances in treatment, mortality rate is still high. We provide a comprehensive review of evaluation and management of variceal bleeding. |
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| Keywords: | Variceal bleeding Gastrointestinal bleeding Esophageal varices Gastric varices Cirrhosis |
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