人工智能识别结合DenseNet网络模型CT在亚实性肺结节诊断中应用

  目的  通过人工智能自动识别结合DenseNet网络模型CT检查手段，探讨其在亚实性肺结节患者诊断中应用价值。  方法  选取2018年6月~2019年12月入本院经CT检查的亚实性肺结节患者98例，其中直径≤10 mm组患者32例，10 mm < 直径≤20 mm组患者33例，直径>20 mm组患者33例，将所有患者实施高分辨的CT诊断，并将CT检查数据录入基于DenseNet网络深度学习的人工智能系统，把控人工智能影像诊断的训练数据集质量，由人工智能组和人工读片组分别对所有患者进行良恶性的诊断，比较分析人工智能对肺结节不同直径患者的CT平扫、增强动脉期及延迟期中的CT值、体积及恶性概率的预测值，测试诊断方面的敏感度、特异性以及符合率。  结果  CT扫描对肺结节不同直径患者CT值、体积以及恶性概率的预测值差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05)；直径≤10 mm患者中，人工智能组的敏感度达94.61%，特异性(93.12%)和符合率(92.08%)均高于传统人工读片组(P < 0.05)；10 mm < 直径≤20 mm和直径>20 mm患者中，人工智能组的诊断敏感度与人工读片组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)，但诊断特异性及符合率均高于人工读片组(P < 0.05)。  结论  人工智能识别结合DenseNet网络模型CT可对肺结节识别的敏感度及特异性较高，平扫CT可辅助预测肺结节恶性概率，可辅助临床医生诊断，提高工作效率。 

Application of artificial intelligence recognition combined with DenseNet network model CT in diagnosis of subsolid pulmonary nodules

  Objective  To explore the value of its application in the diagnosis of patients with subsolid pulmonary nodules by means of artificial intelligence automatic recognition combined with DenseNet network model CT examination.  Methods  Ninty-eight patients with subsolid pulmonary nodules admitted to our hospital from June 2018 to December 2019 were selected and examined by CT, including 32 patients in the group of ≤10 mm in diameter, 33 patients in the group of 10 mm < diameter≤20 mm and 33 patients in the group of > 20 mm in diameter. All patients were diagnosed by high-resolution CT, and the CT examination data were recorded into an artificial intelligence system based on DenseNet network deep learning so as to control the quality of the training data set of artificial intelligence imaging diagnosis. All patients were diagnosed as benign or malignant by the artificial intelligence group and the manual film reading group. The predictive value of CT value, volume and malignant probability in CT plain scan, enhanced arterial phase and delayed phase of patients with different diameters of pulmonary nodules by AI were compared and analyzed to test the sensitivity, specificity and coincidence rate in diagnosis.  Results  There were statistically significant differences in predictive values of CT value, volume and malignant probability of patients with different diameters of pulmonary nodules (P < 0.05). The sensitivity of the AI group was 94.61%, the specificity (93.12%) and compliance rate (92.08%) were higher than those of the conventional manual reading group (P < 0.05). In patients with diameters 10 mm < diameter ≤20 mm and >20 mm group, there was no statistical difference in the diagnostic sensitivity between the artificial intelligence group and the manual reading group (P>0.05), but the diagnostic specificity and compliance rate were higher than those of the manual reading group (P < 0.05).  Conclusion  Artificial intelligence recognition combined with Densenet network model CT have higher sensitivity and specificity for pulmonary nodules recognition, and plain CT can assist in predicting malignant probability of pulmonary nodules, which can assist clinicians in diagnosis and improve work efficiency.